East Asia History Essay

East Asia, which covers about seventeen percent of land area of the Asia continent with China as the largest nation, began to perform as a significant factor in the world’s economy in this modern period. East Asia comprises of countries such as China, Japan, Korea, and Taiwan, including the non-independent states or political units such as Vietnam, and Macao, has remarkable transformation at the turn of the twentieth and twenty-first centuries. From this region rose the sites of early civilizations that later on spearheaded political, economic, and cultural contributions in the eastern Asian countries as it grew into rapid development. The ascendancy of powers particularly China, Japan, and Korea in the era of imperialism served as reminders of their once glorious life during the period of self-assertiveness away from the influence of Western countries. At the expense of evolution of powers in the West, China and Japan had enlarged into empires, however at the advent of political chaos brought by Western intrusion changed the course of their history, except for Korea, which gained influence from Japan. Obviously, western interventions had brought significant contribution in the political and social transformation of these countries, yet their cultural identity remained as they were before. The resistance and alienation to Western imperialism has made them gained global respect especially as they began to take advantage of economic opportunities created by their own initiatives and creativeness with the aid from the United States and United Nations in particular. In case of Korea, modernization was attained while being under the colony of Japan, which include infrastructure and health development (Myong Soo Cha). Likewise, these countries have proved that cultural distinctiveness does not affect modernization in the first place but rather enhances sophistication by utilizing their natural resources and abilities.

Uniform Motion Lab

Controlled variables: 1. The lighting was kept constant during the complete test. No additional light sources were added throughout the experiment, nor were any light sources removed throughout the experiment. This minimized the errors involved with trying to read and record the indicated measurements on the ticker tape, as well as the ability to analyze the experiment. 2. The same person measured and recorded the height and length of the incline plane and level horizontal track to ensure consistency in the recording of data.By having the same person read all of the measurements minimized the degree of uncertainty in position and angle of reading values. 3. The same person recorded all measuring values on the ticker tape to ensure consistency in the recording of data. By having the same person read all of the measurements minimized the degree of uncertainty in position and angle of reading values. 4. The spark timer was set to a frequency of 10Hz (10 dots/s).This eliminated the possi ble random error that could have been associated with the recording of time if a person were to record the time, due to delays in reaction time. By having the consistency of the spark timer record the time values the total accuracy and precision for the experiment was increased. 5. There was no wind or abnormal air movements during the complete test. No doors were opened or closed during the experiment, nor were any windows opened or closed, ensuring that the results would not be affected from air currents pushing or angling the car.Procedure: 1. Using a meter stick, one person measure and record the height of incline plane at its highest point from the table. Then, using a meter stick, one person measure and record the length of the incline plane and the level horizontal track. 2. Without the use of ticker tape or a spark timer, place the car at the top of the incline plane. Release the car. Use this as a trial run to ensure the ramp will produce efficient results. 3. Attach one en d of the ticker tape onto the top of the car with the use of masking tape. 4. Turn on the spark timer.

Which factor is most important to consider when thinking about Essay

Which factor is most important to consider when thinking about education and classrooms - Essay Example This paper will focus on the debate between private and public schools, their advantages and limitations, then which factor is most important to consider when thinking about education and classrooms. Public schools have their own advantages and disadvantages just like any other institution. The advantage of public school is a standardized way of education. The school provides an equal opportunity to all the students and this makes it more accommodative. Public schools are strict when it comes to discipline, as the students need to develop spiritually, psychologically, emotionally and educationally. More parents prefer to take their children to public schools because of the low economy experienced in most of the countries worldwide. The parents save for their children’s college fees and it has become comfortable for them. The school curriculum and the program managed by the state follows an equal setting of the exams. This is easier for the students to handle the exams as they are on the same level. The graduation and attendance of the students help the government to have a clear statistics of each public school and its performance. Examinations tackled determine the stude nts mean grade, leading to suggestions of the students looking for a different school if they do not perform well. Teachers must have certain qualifications for them to work in a public school. They must attain a degree in college, have teaching license and proven by the state for them to teach. This means that the teachers are well qualified in public schools. Classrooms in a public school are well structured and built with desks inside for the students (Ross, 2004). There are requirements for students before joining a public school through the help of their parents. The management is systematic in a way that the parents must ensure the location of the school and where the child lives. The disadvantages of the public schools exist as well.

Read article and answer these, ( businuss communications) Case Study

Read article and answer these, ( businuss communications) - Case Study Example He also shows him a copy of a memo, does not listen to Dan’s explanations, and dismisses him. Ed is using these tactics to show Dan that John Green was not running the marketing department in the correct way. Ed achieves his intention. Ed Harley communicates as much information on the marketing department as required in the context. Dan is not eager to meet him. This is because of his perceived role of sacking employees in the corporation. His purpose of communication to Dan is to convey the flaws of the marketing department so that Dan can comprehend the anticipated meaning of his words and actions. Moreover, Ed’s action and words convey just enough to highlight his intention. He relies on Dan to translate the details of what he does not openly convey. His utterances give Dan the chance to deduce meaning of his intention. Ed provides a clue of his intention to Dan through his words and action. Dan submits, this is evident on his

Internet of Things-Smart Home Literature review

Internet of Things-Smart Home - Literature review Example uniqueness in home appliances such as security cameras, utility meters, thermostats, Blu-ray players and TVs, rather than a feature for the mass-market. As the world moves into a future where connectivity is pervasive and embedded in virtually every household device, this view will become out-dated. According to many analysts, the future smart home is likely to hold between 15 and 30 connected devices and sensors, all linked through a home network and related to service providers’ systems as well as the internet. The array of connected devices will range from usual household appliances through electric vehicle charging infrastructure and solar panels that consume as well as generate electricity. It is expected that the combined revenues from the home energy management (HEM), home automation and smart metering segments will be worth over $44 billion as at 2016. However, the overall potential of the smart home is expected to be considerably greater as devices from the health, ho me security, and entertainment sectors also become connected (Groupe Speciale Mobile Association [GSMA], 2011). This paper aims to undertake a critical review on the smart home. Precisely, this paper shall undertake a review of the smart home techniques that are currently in use, the communication techniques, and the boards used. This paper shall further review the currently used boards against the Teensy board, Adafruit CC3000 board, and an Arduino board with yun processor. Smart Home is a term used to refer to a residence that utilizes a home controller to integrate the different household automation systems within the residence (Robles & Kim, 2010). According to Levy, Taga, Saadoun & Riegel (2012), the Smart Home market consists of four main segments that include home automation/security, home assistance, home cloud, and e-Health. Levy et al (2012) point out that home automation is the centralization on a unique user interface of five major home systems. These include home utility and

Symbolism in Waiting For Godot Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Symbolism in Waiting For Godot - Essay Example Although Godot does not arrive during the course of the play, his anticipation sets up the context for the musings and conversations of Estragon and Vladimir. Author Samuel Beckett creatively exploits this open ended plot structure to ponder over important questions about the human condition. Given that it was published in the aftermath of the Holocaust, it asks deep and compelling questions of the state of human civilization and the nature of our species. Such utterances from the two lead characters as â€Å"to hold the terrible silence at bay†, â€Å"Nothing to be done†, â€Å"We are saved!†, etc offer profound interpretive scope for the reflective reader. (Beckett, 1956) The most ostensible symbolisms in the play pertain to the existentialist philosophical framework. The first quote alludes to the acute existential crisis shadowing the period after the Second World War. Written as it was in the aftermath of the most devastating war in history, Beckett's preocc upations with the purpose of human life and how best to go about fulfilling it are in tune with the concerns and sentiments of the time. In this, the play is full of symbolisms of existence and its opposite state death - a pattern found in the works of other post-war intellectuals such as Albert Camus and Jean-Paul Sartre. Waiting for Godot is a product of the author's affectations during the war and hence contains in it psychological and philosophical questions treated in the existentialist framework. It is for this reason that notions such as 'death', 'nothingness' and momentary crises of human existence are all symbolically expressed. The play can also be read with theological symbolisms in mind, especially that of the Christian doctrine. The choice of the name Godot (that contains 'God' in it) is perceived by critics to have religious connotations. This claim is vindicated by dialogues in the play that resonate with Christian concepts of salvation, rising from the dead, etc. For example, â€Å"We are saved!†, which is frequently uttered by Vladimir or Estragon can be taken as a reference to the notion of salvation. These two characters can also be seen as the two thieves crucified alongside Jesus Christ. Out of their boredom, every now and then Estragon and Vladimir contemplate committing suicide by hanging themselves from the only prominent tree in the setting. This is again a reference to the crucifixion, but albeit in a sense of parody. Vladimir's casual remark to Estragon in Act I, â€Å"Hope deferred maketh the something sick, who said that?" is again a parody of a Christian proverb of the same rhyme - â€Å"Hope deferred makes the heart sick; but a desire fulfilled is a tree of life." (Beckett, 1956) Hence, the religious symbolism is quite strong, but the tone is one of mockery and not reverence. Ontological questions are focused upon in the play, with the author giving special treatment to the concept of time, which links this work to anoth er path-breaking existentialist thesis, namely that of Martin Heidegger’s Being and Time. For example, the deliberate similarity between the first and second acts in the play and elements of repetition seen in them is symbolic of the rhythmic and periodic nature of human existence, with each passing day a mirror of the day gone by and so forth. Because the play is essentially devoid of a describable plot and narrative, it operates at a very high level of abstraction. At this level, it lends itself to

Fourth Amendment Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Fourth Amendment - Research Paper Example The enactment of the fourth amendment guarantees to every citizen â€Å"the security of privacy against arbitrary intrusion by the police† (Levy 1995, p.164) In the case of Wolf v. Colorado, the Supreme Court recognized that â€Å"fourth amendment rights are basic to a free society and are therefore, implicit in the concept of ordered liberty.† (Article 1,  § 7 of the Tennessee Constitution) It is thus evident that the fourth amendment is also enforceable against the states through the due process clause of the fourteenth amendment that also secures the rights of an individual to be free from unreasonable search and seizure. The are various interpretations of the clauses contained in the fourth amendment, but’ reasonableness’ tends to be the defining factor in the legitimacy of a search or seizure conducted by government and law enforcement officers. There are some considerations associated with the reasonable expectation of privacy, although there is no bright line rule indicating situations in which an expectation of privacy is reasonable under the constitution of the United States. The Supreme Court has ruled that an individual has a reasonable expectation of privacy in any goods or property that is located inside the home of such an individual. There is also reasonable expectation of privacy in any conversations taking place in an enclosed phone booth. On the other hand, reasonable expectation of privacy is not feasible in activities that are conducted outdoors, in open fields or in a situation where a person has entered the house of another person without the house owner’s consent, with the intent of committing crime. A person using a computer also does not have a legitimate expectation of privacy related to information from email addresses, total volume of the users traffic or the IP address of websites the user may have visited. This is because the supreme court has long held that â€Å"an individual has no legitimat e expectation of privacy in such information, which already has been exposed to a telecommunications carrier for the purpose of routing a communication (Lasson, 1937, p. 106), although a computer user generally has legitimate expectation of privacy with respect to the contents of email messages while they are still in transmission over the internet A relevant case law involving reasonable expectation of privacy is United States v. Maxwell, 45 M.J. 406, 418 U.S. Armed Forces Ct. App. 1996 in which the court addressed the issue of email privacy â€Å"the sender of an e-mail generally enjoys a reasonable expectation that police officials will not intercept the transmission without probable cause and a search warrant. Users do have a reasonable expectation of privacy in the content of their text messages vis-a-vis the service provider.† (Devenpeck v. Alford, 2004) Probable cause is the situation or event that may prompt a law enforcement officer to take certain actions. In the ca se Terry v. Ohio 392 U.S. 1 (1986) the supreme court ruled that in a situation in which a law enforcement officer witnesses unusual behavior that leads the officer to reasonably believe that crime is being committed or that the suspected persons pose a threat to the officer or to other people, then the officer may frisk or search such a suspect to ascertain whether the suspect is carrying a weapon. In order to conduct such a frisk, the officer must be able to

Innovation and Regulation of Information and Communication Coursework

Innovation and Regulation of Information and Communication Technologies - Coursework Example However, the existing participants into the marketplace who are planning to offer a telephony or telephony supported VoIP product have confirmed that the present regulatory arrangements could not be convinced under the provisioning measures they have been capable to put into practice (Australian Communications Authority, 2004). In addition, the Voice over Internet Protocol services was also largely reached in approximately 57 nations, even the nations where there was no clear regulatory structure or licensing procedures for VoIP. Additionally, till mid-2009, the number of nations where Voice over Internet Protocol services were accepted had increased to two-thirds, with 92 nations allowed VoIP and more than 39 nations standing it. In the meantime, the number of nations where VoIP was not allowed or banned minimized from 80 in year 2004 to 49 in year 2009, or in relation to a quarter of the entire nations for which data exist. From this discussion it is clear that the greatest regulat ory challenge is to encourage the expansion of a marketplace for less costly VoIP services, as compared to the immediately leaving VoIP to build up of its own accord. Moreover, in several nations like Australia, the size of the Voice over Internet Protocol services marketplace is a main fear for the regulators that regularly monitors as well as publish marketplace data estimates (Biggs, 2011). This paper discusses various regulatory problems that are raised due to the growth of Voice over Internet Protocol services. In this research I will outline some of the major areas to make regulatory decisions that can affect the economic prospects of different kinds of service provider in the communications area. This paper will also present a discussion of the regulatory aims and strategies that could form the basis of possible decisions in this area. Regulatory framework This section presents the basic analysis of the regulatory framework for the Voice over Internet Protocol services. The r egulation of carriage services holds a broad variety of services as well as an STS is an explicit kind of carriage service. In this scenario, the Telecommunications Act 1997 offers a detailed description of the carriage service according to which it is a type of services for carrying out communication services using unguided or/and guided electromagnetic energy. Additionally, if the communication carriage services are provided in Australia then these services will be covered by this Act. According to which an individual or a firm offering a carriage service to somebody ‘beyond the instant circle’ of the supplier is acknowledged as a carriage service source. In addition, there exist a vast variety of laws and regulations which apply on different classifications of services such as carriage services and their suppliers as carriage service providers. However, there are some regulations which are applied to all the types of carriage services, comprising VoIP services, inclu de: (Australian Communications Authority, 2004) Telecommunications Numbering Plan 1997 must be followed Offer number associated information to the IPND (Integrated Public Number database) manager intended for directory use as well as to forward calls to the emergency operator Safety of the privacy of communications Offer an interception potential as well as an interception facility plan to the related agencies. Moreover, the commitment of carriage servic

The Merchant's Tale from Canterbury Tales Assignment

The Merchant's Tale from Canterbury Tales - Assignment Example His wife May, young and tender perhaps remained unsatisfied with the old man’s love making and his bristly beard is shown in contrast to her tender skin. The knight’s squire was madly in love with May and when the knight foolishly sends his wife to enquire after the health of his squire Damian, the two shake hands on a treacherous plot to trick the knight. Geoffrey Chaucer’s The Canterbury Tales is a delightful collection of stories, that vividly paint the lives of people in 14th. century England. Considered one of his finest works, it is written in poem as well as prose form. The Merchant’s Tale is a story told by one of a group of pilgrims who are on their way to visit a shrine at Canterbury. It is an age old tale of infidelity, that is as true today as it was in Chaucer’s time. The story of an old man who seeks the pleasures of a young bride, and the young girl who in her time probably had no say in the matter of marrying a man old enough to be h er father; or did it for the wealth that she would enjoy on his death. This is true in many societies even today where fathers, lured by the glitter of gold, sell their daughters to the highest bidder without a thought for the girl’s happiness.

Systems Analysis and Design Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Systems Analysis and Design - Essay Example This is especially true in the current digital age, in which a lot of information and data are generated on a daily basis (Langer 22). A Gantt chart is a horizontal bar chart that was designed in 1917 by Henry Gantt, an American social scientist and engineer, as a production control tool (Clark and Walter 33). Gantt charts are a common feature in project management, providing graphical illustrations of schedules that facilitate planning, coordination, and tracking of particular tasks in projects. They can be simple forms designed on graph paper or more sophisticated forms developed using project management tools like Microsoft Project or Excel (Clark and Walter 36). It is normally developed with a horizontal axis representing the total time scope of a project, divided into increments (for instance, days, weeks, or months) and a vertical axis representing chores that form the project (for instance, if the project is enhancing a computer with new hardware, the major tasks involved might be: carry out research, select software, install the selected

The Analysis of Seven Meaning by Geoffrey Leech in A Poetry Essay Example for Free

The Analysis of Seven Meaning by Geoffrey Leech in A Poetry Essay The Analysis of Seven Meaning by Geoffrey Leech in A Poetry My 20 Lines For My Broken Heart Godspower Oshodin The windows of my heart is shut and disdained, My memories in reminisce of how it was pained. The open shutter of love, is now closed Moments like before will never be tossed. Love has spanked my heart to pain, As I write this poem with no poetic gain. My hand can no longer touch your beautiful face, The one I love have given me a long space. My hands fidget, as I exhaust this cubic pen, That your love for me is no longer ten over ten. My eyes cant stop cascading tear, cascade For wooing the next girl, is my lyrical fear. I have stopped sleeping, because I dont want to dream of you, Yet, staring at this blue sky, all I see is you. My dreams of fathering your children is dead My purple hibiscus has turned red. Steep is the road I now passes thru And yet, getting back to your heart is my only clue. My Journey with love has been cut shot, Now, all my feelings for a girl, has a but. Analysis: 1. First Stanza: The open shutter of love, is now closed, Synonym lists: Disdained : scorn, disregard, despise Reminisce : recall, recollect Pained Closed Tossed : acne, hurting, tenderness, griet : shut, lock, near, block : throw, let fly At the first line of the first stanza above, the windows of my heart has connotative meaning this feeling if we relate it to the whole lines of the first stanza, and at the third line the words the open shutter of love also has connotation with My heart. All the lines in the first stanza have affective meaning which can be analyzed that the writer shows us of how hurt his feeling marked by the words disdained and pained which are in conceptual meaning the word disdained means Refuse with contempt and pained means hurt or upset. Paraphrase This feeling is shut and despised, As I recall the memories of how it was hurt me. My heart is now closed, Because this old memories will never be thrown. 2. Second Stanza Spanked : smack, slap, hit, strike Poetic : lyrical, rhytmical : addition, increase, get, profit Gain The whole lines in the second stanza have affective meaning that the writer shows us the cause of the pain that the writer felt as he stated obviously at the third and fourth lines in the second stanza above which explain that the pain made him can not write the poem poetically. This second stanza also has connotative meaning on the words long space in the fourth line expressing the writer had left by his beloved ne or it could be meant the writer had a parting with his beloved one. Paraphrase: Love has slapped my heart to pain, As I write this poem without lyrical addition. My hand cant touch your beautiful face again, Youre the one I love, the one who left me. 3. Third Stanza My eyes cant stop cascading tear, Fidget Exhaust Cascading : shaking, fiddle, be uneasy : tire out, weaken, use up, finish, wear out : flow, pour, fall, drop Woo Lyrical Fear : persuade, pursue : poetic, romantic, emotional : terror, fright, worry, anxiety, phobia All lines of the third stanza above contain the affective meaning which is about the ffect of the writers pain and it can be seen at the third and fourth lines of the third stanza above. The second line at the third stanza above is obviously telling us that the writer is upset and disappointed with his woman because it seems like the womans love to the writer is not as much as the writer expected and it caused the writer crying and made a deep trauma of himself to try to start new relationship with another women because he did not want to feel those kinds of pain again. Meanwhile, in the fourth line if the third stanza above has a social meaning marked in words for wooing the next girl. If we compare the word wooing based on conceptual meaning, wooing means persuading or flirting someone to get attention, but in social meaning, the word wooing has a different meaning that is seeking the affection of a woman which is usually with the hope of marriage . This shows us that the relationship of the writer and his woman almost reached the marriage as the writer wished. Paraphrase: My hands are shaking when I use this pen, That your love for me is not as much as I expected. I cant stop crying, And its frightened me to try to find another girls. . Fourth Stanza Synonym list: Dead : deceased, lifeless, boring, over, finished The fourth stanza still consists of affective meaning showed by the first and second lines of the fourth stanza above describing the effect of the parting which obviously tell us that the writer want to forget the woman even the writer is still haunted by the shadow of the woman. The third line of the fourth stanza above has thematic meaning. In this li ne, My dreams of fathering your children is dead the writer wanted to emphasize that his dream is dead or over. The fourth line of the fourth stanza above has connotation meaning because in this line, My purple hibiscus has urned red n hidden meanings in the two key word purple and red . Based on sources and after combining with the whole lines of the fourth stanza, purple means imagination and dreams and red means anger (negative expression) here because the line has the opposite meaning between purple which attached with the word hibiscus, kind of flowers and red. In the conceptual meaning, the word Hibiscus here is kind of flowers and tends to beautiful thing. So it can be concluded that the meaning of the fourth line is the writers beautiful dream (fathering the omans children) had become anger caused by the pain and the parting. I have stopped sleeping, because I dont want to dream of you, Even if I look at the sky, all I can see is you. My dream to be a father of our children is over, My beautiful dream has become anger. 5. Fifth Stanza Clue : sign, hint, evidence At the first line of the last stanza has a reflected meaning marked by Steep is the road I now passes thru while in the conceptual meaning steep described as a steep place as on a hill and if we relate it to the steep in the context of the first line here, teep could be meant as the writers life destruction or it could be the pain that he must face. The third line of the last stanza has a connotative meaning marked by My journey with love has been cut shot. For the first highlight words, My Journey with love could be meant as the writers love life and cut shot here could be meant as broken or fall to pieces. But the whole lines at the last stanza have affective meaning that tells us about the condition of writers psychology that the only way or his only wish is back to the woman he loved or it could be the writer wanted to tell and give he woman sign in order to get her back and after all the pain he got, his feelings and his point of view ofa girl has a doubt. Pain is the one that I must face now, But, back to your side is my only wish. My love life has fell to pieces, Now, all my feelings for a girl has a doubt. Conclusion: The outline of the whole meaning of this poem tend to affective meaning describing what the writer felt about love and how love can destruct his dream to be with his beloved one as long as ne wanted, now the happiness becomes pain and miserable the parting with the beloved one is. now

Effects of Ocean Acidification and Global Warming

Effects of Ocean Acidification and Global Warming Introduction: Since the beginning of the industrial revolution, the release of carbon dioxide (CO2) from our industrial and agricultural activities has resulted in increasing atmospheric CO2 concentration. Over a period of less than a decade, the change in seawater chemistry due to rising atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) levels becomes one of the most critical and pressing issues, identify as ocean acidification. The ability of the ocean to absorb additional atmospheric CO2 is decreasing, and more rapid global warming is led by future CO2 emissions. Ocean acidification is also problematic, the negative effects on marine calcifying organisms, resources and services cause by human societies largely depend energy, water, and fisheries. For example, it is predicted that by 2100 around 70% of all cold-water corals, especially those in the higher latitudes, will live in waters undersaturated in carbonate due to ocean acidification. Recent research indicates that ocean acidification might also result in increasing levels of jellyfish in some marine ecosystems. Aside from direct effects, marine and coastal pollution as global change-induced impacts with ocean acidification and the invasive alien species are likely to result in more fragile marine ecosystems. For example, coastal deforestation and wide-scale fisheries making species more vulnerable to other environmental impacts. The motivation for this research is that although global change and global warming have been topics of intensive research among these years. Potentially profound changes throughout marine ecosystems and in the environmental that research provide to humankind shows that impacts of ocean acidification may be just as dramatic as those of global warming and the combination of both are likely to led worst consequences. Natural environment: For tens of millions of years, acidity level of Earths oceans is relatively stable. The life in todays seas has arisen and flourished because of the steady environment. But research shows that this balance is not keeping anymore and being undone by a recent and rapid drop in surface pH called ocean acidification. It could have devastated global consequences. Human impact: At least one-quarter of the carbon dioxide (CO2) released by burning coal, oil and gas doesnt stay in the air, but instead dissolves into the ocean. Since the beginning of the industrial era, the ocean has absorbed some 525 billion tons of CO2 from the atmosphere, presently around 22 million tons per day. For 2008, total human CO2 emissions were about 10 billion tons of carbon annually (equivalent to one million tons per hour or, on a per capita basis, ~ 0.2 kg person-1 h-1; note that 1 billion tons equals 1 Pg or 1 x 1015 g). Of this amount, 8.7  ± 0.5 billion tons originates from fossil fuel combustion and cement production and another 1.2  ± 0.7 billion tons from deforestation (Le QueÃÅ' reÃÅ'  et al., 2009). After the industrial era the amount of human CO2 emissions close to 560 billion tons. It is certainly enough to be of grave concern as a greenhouse gas leading to climate change, even it is less than half of this anthropogenic CO2 remains in the atmosphere. At first, scientists thought that what happened after industrial revolution might be a good thing because it avoids more carbon dioxide leaves in the air to warm the planet. But in the past decade, they have realized that it does leaf less CO2 in the atmosphere, but it has come as the cost of changing the ocean’s chemistry. When carbon dioxide dissolves in seawater, water (H2O) and CO2 mix, they combine to form carbonic acid (H2CO3). The water becomes more acidic and the ocean’s pH value gets lower. Compare to immense ocean, if there has enough carbon dioxide, it can have a major impact. In the past 200 years alone, ocean water has become 30 percent more acidic—faster than any known change in ocean chemistry in the last 50 million years. Scientists formerly did not worry about this process because they call a stabilizing effect â€Å"buffering, which keep the ocean’s pH stable by carrying enough dissolved chemicals through rivers from rocks to the ocean. But all the CO2 emission is dissolving into the ocean so quickly that this natural buffering has not been able to keep pH stable, and rapidly dropping pH in surface waters. The entire ocean is affected when surface layers mix into deep water. When the term ocean acidification was first coined, scientists have been tracking ocean pH for more than 30 years, even though it really only started in 2003. The current rapid rise in atmospheric CO2 is as much as 30 times faster than natural rates in the geological past, and present levels are higher than at anytime in at least the last 850,000 years and likely several million years (Kump et al., 2009). Consequences: Geologists saw a number of changes about in the time period of 300 million years that share many of the characteristics of today’s human-driven ocean acidification. But the main difference before and nowadays is, CO2 levels are rising at an unprecedented rate, causing endanger situation like the near-disappearance of coral reefs. Also theres a threat of acidification in human society, includes a decline in commercial fisheries and in the Arctic tourism industry and economy. Commercial fisheries are threatened because acidification harms calcifying organisms destroyed the Arctic food webs, such as pteropods and brittle stars. For example, In Scandinavia, acidic water reduced 15% of species populations and that more species were limited in population or declining. The rapid decrease or disappearance of marine life decrease the economic in coast area, it could also affect the diet of Indigenous peoples. Branching corals, lives around natural carbon dioxide seeps, as a model for a more acidic future ocean. The reason the can struggle in the acidic water is because of their more fragile structure. For reef-building corals, calcium carbonate forms complex reefs in order raft house by coral animals themselves. Pre-existing coral skeletons can be corroded by acidic seawater, and limit their reproduce. The growth of new ones slows down, so the reefs will be more easily eroding by storm waves or eaten by animals. It’s possible that weaker and healthy coral reefs will all be eroding more quickly than they can rebuild. Acidification may also effects the eggs and larvae of carols. While they were still in the plankton its not easy to get hurt by acidic water. However, as long as larvae is be in acidic water, it harder to find a good place to settle, preventing them from reaching adulthood. Some types of coral use bicarbonate to build their skeletons, so they have more ways to survive in an acidifying ocean. Some can handle a wider pH range instead of survive without a skeleton after the pH value back to normal. Area that affected by natural carbon dioxide seeps, like on reefs in Papua New Guinea, big boulder colonies have taken over. Probably because this dedicatedly branching has thin branches, its more attackable to dissolving. From this change, many thousands of organisms that live among the coral can be affected. Nevertheless those fish and people eat. Acidification is not the only reason for corals suffer, also warming water, pollution, and overfishing that caused by human also affect them. In general, shelled animals such as mussels, clams, urchins and starfish, are going to face the same problem like the corals. They have trouble building their shells by themselves in more acidic water. From the study we expected that, by the end of the century, Mussels and oysters will grow less shell by 25 percent and 10 percent individually. Urchins and starfish are not as well studied, but they have more weaker shelled that build by calcite, a type of calcium carbonate that dissolves more quicker that corals does. This study shows that the chance of being crushed or eaten of shelled animals will increase because of their weaker acidic affected shelled. Due to the burning of fossil fuels, people produce excess carbon dioxide that cause CO2 bubbles out of volcanic vents in the reef of the coast of Papua New Guinea. Also excess CO2 dissolves into the surrounding seawater, making water more acidic. There are places scattered throughout, lowering the pH in surrounding waters. Scientists study these unusual communities for clues to what an acidified ocean will look like. Plants and many make their energy to survive from combining sunlight and carbon dioxide, it shows that more carbon dioxide in the water is helpful for them, doesnt hurt them at all. As nurseries and home for many larger fish and thousand different organisms in the shallow-water area along coasts, seagrasses in more acidic water area were able to reproduce better, grow healthier. However, the pollution flowing into ocean and other reasons cause the seagrasses in decline, even the help of acidic seawater cant replace the lost of other pollution cause. Coralline algae, which build calcium carbonate skeletons more soluble than regular calcite form. It strengthened coral reefs. It makes space for other types of non-calcifying algae, so it can damage coral reefs about 92 percent less area in acidifying conditions. As we known coralline algae provide a ecosystem for coral before they leave the plankton stage, so it is a terrible situation for carol survive before start a new life on carol reefs. Theres an exception called the coccolithophores, one major group of algae, they also grew weak shells. But in nearly 100 years, this algae was able to adapt the acidic water by growing stronger shells. This evidence shows that they just needed more time to adapt, through the population is growing and changing, they will be more adopted to new environment. To have a overview of the how ocean acidification be like, researchers compared the ability of 79 species of bottom-dwelling invertebrates settled in different areas of the Italian coast. For most species, including worms, mollusks, and crustaceans, the closer more acidic water, the fewer number could survive. Sea grass and brown algae dominated algae and animals that need massive calcium-carbonate. The polychaete worm Syllis prolifers, as the only one species that was more abundant in lower pH water. In some areas, they are replacing corals entirely with large boulder corals, sand, rubble and algae beds. Although fish dont have shells, the effects of acidification can also reflect on them. In humans, for instance, a drop in blood pH of 0.2-0.3 can cause seizures, comas, and even death. A fish is also sensitive to pH as human. To keep the pH value balance, it will burn extra energy to excrete the excess acid out of its blood through its gills, kidneys and intestines. Through the process it can also slow fishes growth. Even slightly more acidic water may also affects fishes minds. In more acidic water, clownfish cannot identify threatening noise and flee from danger. There are unpredictable changes in animal behavior under acidification from the study. Because acidification, they cannot smell there way back. The changes of pH of a fishs body and brain could change how the brain processes information and send the message to react. The more acidic seawater could shift the fish species. It could have major impacts on the food web and on human fisheries. Altogether the ocean’s various habitats will no longer provide the diversity we depend on. Restoration: The most realistic way to lower the CO2 level and keep it from getting even higher, would be burning less fossil fuels and finding more area to restore carbon, such as seagrass beds, and marshes, known as blue carbon. If we did, even it wont change immediately, but after hundreds of years, carbon dioxide in the atmosphere and ocean would back to normal and comfort for species to live again. Many organization already started to let more people noticed what is ocean acidification and how it is related to our life. United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) adopted the Limiting global warming in surface ocean pH of 0.16 from pre-industrial levels. This represents the limit of surface ocean pH. At the same time, organizations have fund raise in order to develop technologies that under the title of geoengineering. Developing engines that reduce carbon dioxide and stable the biosphere.Some idea is to remove carbon dioxide from the atmosphere by growing more of the organisms that use it up: phytoplankton. Adding iron or other fertilizers to the ocean could cause man-made phytoplankton blooms, then absorb carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, and then, after death, sink down and trap it in the deep sea. However, its unknown the effect of this action, maybe seawater will become more acidic. Conclusion: Both ocean acidification and global warming are caused by anthropogenic CO2 emissions. Ocean acidification is not just happened yesterday, it will continue to get worst if we do not pay attention in our biosphere and tracking global CO2 emissions. The ocean acidification is not only impact on biology, but also affect human society and economy, especially with ocean warming, the biosphere various will decrease and the environment is not stable anymore. Generally, the pH of the ocean changes in a natural way, and some ocean organisms are well-adapted to live and reproduce in the changes. It may be hard for different marine species to adapt the more extreme changes, like ocean acidification, in resulting there will likely be extinctions. We dont know the exact number, but there were mass extinctions around 55 million years ago. It happened during the last great acidification event, including deep sea invertebrates were extinct. At the time ocean acidification is intensify, we should aware and learn from the past.

The Water Storage Reservoirs Environmental Sciences Essay

The Water Storage Reservoirs Environmental Sciences Essay This report primarily focuses on two main reservoirs in Melbourne Sugarloaf and Cardinia Reservoir. It also describes the general problem of distribution of potable water to Melbourne and the measures proposed to overcome this problem. There are ten main reservoirs which distributes water to the Melbourne city and other surrounding areas. These ten reservoirs have a combined capacity of 1,812,175 million litres of water. The sediments in the catchment water stored in the storage reservoirs settle down to the bottom of the reservoir. The impact of natural sunlight will help to disinfect the settled water. Melbournes largest reservoir is the Thomson Reservoir. It contributes to 60% of Melbournes total reservoir storage capacity. Cardinia, Sugarloaf, Yan Yean and Greenvale are the only reservoirs with no catchment. They get water from other sources. Whereas the other reservoirs like Thomson, Upper Yarra, Silvan, Tarago, Maroondah and OShannassy receives water from the catchment areas. All these reservoirs are interconnected like a web link network. In case of any emergencies like bush fire, water from one reservoir can be transferred to another. Thus, protecting and saving the water from debris and other contaminants. Table 1: Water Storage level (Source ) Figure 1: Water storage graph (Source ) The above graph shows the water level of the reservoirs from 2009 to 2012. Compared to the previous years, it can be clearly seen that the water level in 2012 has increased to 70%. During the first half of the year, the water storage level has decreased drastically. On the other hand, the water level storage for the second half of the year has increased as compared to the first half. 1.1 Cardinia Reservoir Cardinia is the second largest reservoir in Melbourne with a total water storage capacity of 286,911 mega litres and is situated in the south-eastern suburbs of Melbourne, Australia. The construction of the reservoir commenced in May 1970 and completed in 1973 with a cost of more than AUD11.4 million dollars. Cardinia receives water through the pipeline from Silvan Reservoir, which is the fifth largest. It was constructed as rolled earth fill and rock fill embankment. Maximum height of the main dam from the river to crest is 85 metres. Length measured along the top of the dam is 1,542 metres. This includes main bank only. The saddle dams have an additional crest length of 2,841 metres. The Surface area of top water level is 1,295 hectares. The current water holding of this reservoir as of 3rd July 2012 is 219,724 mega litres, which is 76.6% full. Cardinia supplies water to Melbournes southern and south-eastern suburbs, and the Mornington Peninsula. 1.2 Sugarloaf Reservoir Sugarloaf Reservoir is the fourth largest of all among the ten, located in northeast of Melbourne. It was completed in 1981 and constructed as rolled rock fill embankment with upstream concrete face. Its total capacity is 96,253 mega litres. Area of the catchment is 915 hectares off stream storage. Maximum height of the main dam from the river to crest is 89 metres. The length measured along the top of the dam is 1,050 metres. This includes main bank only. The saddle dams have an extra length of 690 metres. The Surface area of top water level is 440 hectares. The current water holding of this reservoir is 94,514 mega litres as of 3rd July 2012, which is 98.2% full. The water feeds the northern, western and central suburbs. In February 2010, the North South Pipeline from the Goulburn River was connected to the main reservoir. 2.0 SOURCE OF WATER Cardinia and Sugarloaf reservoir, both has no catchment, but the water is transferred to it by other sources. A catchment is an area that catches the rainfall water and directs to a river, creek, reservoir or gutter. The water catchments are sent to the reservoirs that provide drinking water. There are two types of catchments closed or forested catchment and open catchment. Around 80% of the drinking water comes from the closed water catchments in the Yarra Ranges. About 20% of Melbournes water comes from open catchments. The water from open catchment is pumped to the water treatment system, and the filtered water is distributed to the household. Melbourne has protected water catchments i.e. public are not allowed to enter inside the protected area. The Sugarloaf reservoir receives water from Yering Gorge pumping station which can extract water from the Yarra River, including water released from Maroondah and OShannassy. It also receives water from Goulburn River via North- South pipeline. This is operated only in critical times. Water leaving from Sugarloaf Reservoir is treated and purified at Winneke Treatment Plant. The water will leave from this plant only if it meets the required standard for drinking. The Cardinia Reservoir receives water from the Silvan Reservoir and nearby Wonthaggi Desalination Plant. It is used to stockpile water for Melbourne. The recent bush fire contaminated over 30% of water in Melbourne. At this time, most of the water was transferred to Cardinia Reservoir. The water from Cardinia flows out to other service reservoirs for household distribution. 3.0 WINNEKE TREATMENT PLANT The Winneke treatment plant plays a prominent role in Melbournes water supply system. It was commissioned in November 1980, and it was the first time that fully treated water was introduced into the water supply system. More than 50% of Melbournes water is treated and purified at Winneke Treatment Plant. The plant is located 32 kilometres northeast of Melbourne at Sugarloaf Reservoir in Christmas Hills. The Sugarloaf Reservoir is one in ten reservoirs in Melbourne and is the fourth largest. The water requires full treatment process as it is not received from the protected catchment areas. The water comes into the plant from three main different sources- the Maroondah Reservoir by the Maroondah aqueduct and Yering Gorge pumping station, Yarra River by Yering Gorge pumping station and Goulburn River by the North-South pipeline. 3.1 Water Treatment Process overview Water treatment process involves coagulation, clarification, filtration, disinfection and pH correction (chlorination) and fluoridation. The water is passed through 14 sand filters before being added with chlorine, lime and fluoride. The filtered water is distributed only if it meets the Australian standard for drinking. Untitled.png Figure 2: Winneke Process Flow Diagram (Source) 3.1.1 Coagulation Untreated water is pumped from the Sugarloaf Reservoir to the Winneke inlet control structure. At this stage, lime and aluminium sulphate (alum) is added. The alum acts as a coagulant, which will suspend solids and other microorganisms to form larger particles. 3.1.2 Clarification The water then flows through an underground channel to a water distribution chamber. The water is sent to one of five sludge blanket clarifiers and polyelectrolyte injected to promote flocculation and sedimentation processes. Water is circulated in the clarifiers for 3 to 4 hours. The clarifiers improve the coherence and entrapment of the suspended solids and thus eliminate the colour from the water. Solid particles are separated from the raw water as settled water and sludge. 3.1.3 Filtration The settled water is delivered through concrete channels to 14 gravity filters (Sand filters). This will remove most of the remaining suspended solids. Each filter is a rectangular concrete structure with a bed of sand supported on a layer of pebbles. 3.1.4 Chlorination The water comes out of the filter is disinfected by the process called chlorination. A small amount of chlorine is added to disinfect the filtered water which will eliminate the residual microorganisms. This will help to kill bacteria and other micro organisms which spread waterborne diseases. Drinking water typically contains 0.2 milligram per litre (mg/l) 1.6 mg/l of chlorine. Lime is added to maintain the alkalinity and acidity (pH) level. The treated water flows into a large enclosed storage reservoir which is located adjacent to the treatment plant. This reservoir act as buffer storage and the water is released according to the needs. 3.1.5 Fluoridation Fluoride is added in small quantities to prevent tooth decay. Natural water contains concentrations up to 1MG/L (milligram per litre) of fluoride. Fluoride is a naturally occurring substance in rocks, soils and plants. Fluoride is added to drinking water at a concentration of approximately  0.7MG/L or less than 1 part per million. The left over debris from the plant is recycled for bike paths and building roads. 4.0 MELBOURNE WATER Melbourne Water is owned by Victoria Company. It maintains all aspects from water collection to distribution. A complex interconnected pipeline system distributes water from Melbournes main water storage reservoirs to the three retail business water companies and to their customers. Melbourne Water operates and maintains around 157,000 hectares of protected catchments in the Yarra Ranges. It has main ten water storage reservoirs and distributes to around 1,062 kilometres. It has 214 kilometres of aqueducts with 65 service reservoirs and 42 water treatment plants. 4.1 Water collection and distribution 4.1.1 Collection Majority of Melbournes water catchment is located in the forest areas of Yarra ranges. These forests capture and filter rainwater as it flows across the land into streams and then to the reservoirs. 4.1.2 Distribution From the main reservoir storages, through large pipes the water flow to the service reservoirs by gravity. There are about 55 service reservoirs, which is stored only for one or two days. These reservoirs will ensure that a constant supply of water during the peak demanding periods. From the service reservoirs, water flows down again by the gravity through smaller underground pipelines to households and businesses by the water retail network of pipes. Water pressure is adjusted so that all households receive water at all times. 5.0 Yarra River The Yarra River upstream of Warrandyte is the main source of Melbournes water supply. The progressive development of water supply infrastructure in Melbourne is driven primarily by population growth. The growth in consumption is been made possible by ever increasing abstractions from the Yarra catchment upstream. Water harvesting has caused flows in the Yarra River to be much less than they would otherwise be. Larger dams restrict the sediment flow down of the rivers. Another major issue with the removal of water from the Yarra River is the change in the echo system and diversion in river path. 6.0 Methods of providing Potable water A number of possible alternative water supply options have been put forward to extend the water supply to Melbourne and its surrounding areas into the future. These include: Desalination (Wonthaggi Desalination) Recycling water Rain/ storm water catchment Dual pipe recycling Upgrade of Sewage treatment plant Sugarloaf Pipeline Project Management of current water supplies (restrictions and public awareness ) Raising the height of the dam Re-opening past water sources for the sole purpose of water supply Construction of new dams Melbournes water resource is large enough to feed the entire population in the city. Water is available for urban use from the north east catchments of Melbourne. Building a new dam to collect water from the Thomson/Macalister, Latrobe or Mitchell basins is the most cost-effective approach. This can be a blessing for the Gippsland farmers. This should be the preferred approach. Water can also be brought from north of the Great Divide with the Sugarloaf scheme, but this would be a costly approach. The stormwater collection in Greenfield urban area is another option. Rainwater tanks have a higher capacity than urban stormwater collection but are inefficient and enforce unnecessary costs on the new house developments where they are mandatory and on the taxpayer where the tanks are subsidized. Regulations requiring their installation should be removed and subsidies to their installation should be discontinued. Similarly, the proposals for recycling of water from the Eastern Treatment Pla nt and for desalination should be rejected. The proposed Wonthaggi desalination plant, according to the estimates provided by the government, would result in excessive capital costs of $2 billion and significantly higher operating costs compared with making use of water from the catchment area. Various options for the Eastern Treatment Plant, including exchanging treated water for more harvesting from the Yarra, seem to be high cost approaches but could be further investigated. Modifying or increasing the release of flows from the reservoir and other points of regulation would prefer fewer benefits for in stream, riparian and wetland ecosystems than would measures to restore native vegetation, natural floodplain drainage patters or incentives or controls to improve the quality of discharge from agricultural and especially urban areas. Public awareness and cooperation are essential, as many of the actions which need to be taken to maintain or restore the ecosystem of the Yarra upstream of Warrandyte involve private land. 6.1 Conclusion The above methods of providing water for the future are all available but at a high cost to the taxpayer. The best option is to ensure that the all the measures implemented are well in place to organize and maintain its current resources. Climate change also has to be considered as this will have a negative impact on the ground water resource. Though ground water is replenished every year by the annual rain fall, figures are decreasing and evaporation rates rising as predicted under the CSIRO Climate Science. Public awareness is needed to ensure less wastage of water and maintain supply for the future.

Tennessee Williams Essay -- essays research papers

Tennessee Williams   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Tennessee Williams was born Thomas Lanier Williams on March 26, 1911 in Columbus, Mississippi. As a child, he lived with his mother and grandfather. When he was fourteen, Williams too first place in an essay contest sponsored by a national magazine, The Smart Set. At the age of seventeen, his first published story appeared in the August 1928 issue of Weird Tales. A year later Williams entered the University of Missouri but in 1932 he withdrew and took a job at the shoe factory where his father held a job as a sales manager. In 1935 Williams returned to college and graduated from the University of Iowa in 1938. Williams had begun writing plays while attending the University of Missouri and after his graduation he had supported himself doing a variety of small jobs. In 1939 he won a national drama award for a group of plays called American Blues. Williams achieved his first great stage success with The Glass Menagerie, which was produced in New York City in 1945. This play won the New York Drama Critics' Circle Prize as the years best play. Williams averaged two plays a year since that time. On February 4, 1983, Tennessee Williams died in New York City. Throughout Williams' lifetime he has put forth more than twenty- five full-length plays, more than forty short plays, a dozen produced (and unproduced) screenplays and an opera libretto. These have been translated into at least twenty-seven languages, including Tamil, Welsh, Ma...

Dangerous Liaisons: Present and Past Essay -- Dangerous Liaisons Essay

Dangerous Liaisons: Present and Past      Ã‚     Halfway through viewing Dangerous Liaisons, a remarkable contrast as well as a huge parallel came to mind.   The film's principal characters' treatment of their promiscuity was quite different from what we see today.   They were quite covert about their sexual relations, and often concocted cunning plans to assure the secrecy of their activities.   Today we find quite the opposite taking place on our news programs and talk shows.   It seems to me that the cause of this whole difference in treatment of sexuality is due to the advent of mass media.   That pre-Revolutionary French society was not completely different from today, however.   Like our treatment of the Clinton/Lewinsky scandal, the common people of the late 18th century French society were quick to ridicule the Marquise for her promiscuity revealed.   We, as a society, are still just as quick to gossip over someone else's sins while being guilty of the same.   It is simply a conditi on of being human.   In short, the story set forth in the film Dangerous Liaisons shows both a striking contrast, due to technology, and a very remarkable parallel, due to a double standard brought on by the human condition, between the way sexual relations and promiscuity were viewed in the late 18th century and how we view them today at the close of the 20th.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The importance of stealth in promiscuous relations to the French aristocracy pervades the entire film.   We see throughout the film that the Marquise is quite fond of entertaining guests in her domicile, which is flanked by a wall of mirrors.   Early in the film we learn that there is another set of rooms entirely behind the wall, her "private" bedchambers.   It... ... French revolution.   Most of us really don't care if the rest of the world thinks, or even knows for sure if, we are carrying on promiscuous lives.   Sex is just another daily event.   It is pop culture thanks to mass media.   Our cunning Valmont would probably be very bored today, for his sexual conquests would just be too easy for him.   The Marquise would probably be having sex on the other side of the mirrors.   However, when the truth about them is known for certain, I bet we would treat them just as badly as we are treating the leader of the free world.   Our society is quick to judge, even when we could easily be judged for the same offenses.   We are humans after all.   Ã‚   WORKS CITED Heinein, Maryam.   "Couple plan to lose virginity online" Los Angeles, CA Channel 4  Ã‚   News Home Page.   16 July 1998.   <www.msnbc.com/local/KNBC/111301.asp>

National Influenza Immunization Program - The Swine Flu of 1976 Essay

In 1976, due to an outbreak of influenza at Fort Dix, New Jersey, the United States set a precedent in immunology by attempting to vaccinate the entire population of the country against the possibility of a swine-type Influenza A epidemic. While a great many people were successfully immunized in a very short period of time, the National Influenza Immunization Program (NIIP) quickly became recognized as a failure, one reason being that the feared epidemic never surfaced at all. But this massive undertaking deserves more analysis than just a simple repudiation. For example, all evidence linked to the pathology, microbiology, and historical cycle of influenza and the outbreak at Fort Dix suggests that the reactions of the scientists and other personnel involved in the NIIP were correct. However, one must also acknowledge the many complications and misjudgments that plagued the program after its initiation, from biological difficulties, logistical problems, to tensions with the media. Th e swine flu is a historical event that needs to be evaluated, regarding both its successes and its failures, so that lessons can be learned for future immunization programs. While influenza, or the "flu", is not commonly recognized as an extremely lethal disease, the pathology of influenza, and especially of the kind found at Fort Dix, does suggest that an immunization program was a reasonable course to take in 1976. In the public's mind, influenza is often not seen as a specific disease, using interchangeable names for it like "flu", "gripe", and "virus". (Silverstein: 1) However, influenza is very different from an everyday low fever or "stomach flu". It is a respiratory infection, connected with a fever, coughing, and muscle aches, which often la... ...d be held responsible for not creating a more adaptable program that could deal with these occurrences. The NIIP must be evaluated for its drawbacks and its successes, so that people will not just see this as an unfortunate historical event, but can use it to help further immunization and disease-fighting programs in the future.    Works Cited The "Flu". Online. 17 Feb. 1999. Available: www.ultranet.com/~jkimball/BiologyPages/I/Influenza.html Laitlin, Elissa A. and Elise M. Pelletier. "The Influenza A/New Jersey(Swine Flu) Vaccine and Guillain-Barrà ©acute; Syndrome: The Arguments for Causal Association." Drugs and Devices Line, 1997. Online. 15 Feb. 1999. Available: www.hsph.harvard.edu/Organizations/ddil/swieflu.html Silverstein, Arthur M. Pure Politics and Impure Science: The Swine Flu Affair. Baltimore and London: The John Hopkins University Press, 1981.

Compare the ways in which 3 poets write about relationships Essay

Introduction ‘To his coy mistress’, ‘Remember’ and ‘Since there’s no help†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ are all poems about relationships, the difference is the interpretation of the poet’s message, structure and other various aspects of the poems. ‘To his coy mistress’ by Andrew Marvell and ‘Since there’s no help’ by Michael Drayton were both written around the 16th and 17th centuries and explain very different characteristics of love. Drayton wrote a poem about the end of a relationship with a partner expressing that the love between them is dying. On the other hand Marvell writes, in a poetical way, someone’s argument to a lover trying to persuade them to have sex with them. This poem captivates your attention with the extremes a man would go to have sex with a young virgin, unlike the other poems that are about two partners love for each other. Similarly to Draytons poem, about love in a relationship, Christina Rossetti wrote a poem in the late 19th century to her partner telling him what to remember about their time together. Themes/subject The poem ‘To his coy mistress’ starts with Marvell addressing the young lady, whom he wishes to be his lover that there is no time for her to be coy. Straight away this gives the impression that he’s an intimidating and powerful man. ‘Had we but world enough, and time, this coyness, lady, were no crime’ Marvell tells the lady that being coy is alright when you have time but implies their time is limited and therefore she has no time to be coy, in effect he is pressurising her to do something that she is uncomfortable with. Through the repetition of time in the above sentences you may have guessed that it plays an important role in the poem. Marvell refers to time regularly in the poem as part of his persuasion techniques. The way in which he uses time pressurises the woman into doing what he wants. For example ‘Time’s winged chariot hurrying near’ implies that she can’t live forever so must make the most of the time she has. He uses time again in the concluding lines of the poem as a last persuasion to get his way ‘Thus, though we cannot make our sun stand still, yet we will make him run’ Here Marvell explains to the lady that they cannot make time stand still completely but they can make the most of the time they have. When you feel bored and upset your time seems to go slowly compared to when you are happy and this quote uses this to say that their time will be ‘running’ if they are together due to the good times they will have. Similarly to Marvell, personifying time, Drayton uses the same technique by personifying love ‘Now, if thou would’st, when all have given him over, from death to life thou might’st him yet recover’ Here Drayton has personified love by saying it is dying but may come back to life. I feel this is a good method by which the poet can get his message across with ease. In this case Drayton has personified love as a person on the verge of death. When comparing the two poems it becomes clear that this technique is also useful in distinguishing the message from a speech or letter into a poem. Images A positive image in the love poem ‘Remember’ is where Rossetti writes ‘Better by far you should forget and smile than you should remember and be sad’. She is expressing that she would rather be forgotten if that is the way to make her husband remain happy as she doesn’t want to be remembered if it will make him sad. Rossetti’ symbolises her love for her husband because she couldn’t bare him being sad by remembering her, therefore giving an optimistic image of their relationship. Rossetti also expresses sorrow images ‘Gone far away into the silent land. When you can no more hold me by the hand’ portrays that when she dies she will go to a silent land where she will be all alone, in comparison to when she is alive she can hold her husband’s hand, this reminding him that when she dies they will be separated forever. This is a sad image because it implies that their close bond will be split for eternity. The sadness is emphasised further because their relationship together was obviously true love yet now it is near its end. Marvell uses death in his persuasion, ‘Time’s winged chariot hurrying near’ A downbeat quote persuading the young lady that if they do not have sex that soon times winged chariot will collect them. He is implying it will be too late if they wait as eventually they will get old and die. Marvell personifies time as a chariot and I think his meaning is that a chariot collects people once they die and as they age the chariot gets nearer and so tries to put across this image to the woman. Marvell attempts to persuade the young lady that he will spend an age to admire each part of her and at the very end of the admiration she will love him back. He then says that she deserves no less than this and that he will never give her less than what she deserves. ‘An age at least to every part and the last age should show your heart: for lady, you do not deserve this state; nor would I love at lower rate’ this quote is not intimidating, like most of the poem I think he says it so the young lady thinks he is a good man. I don’t think Marvell wrote the poem because of his love for her, even though in some parts of the poem he tries to re-assure her that he does love her, instead I think he uses it to take advantage of her naivety – quote gives a pleasant image but has malicious intentions. I feel he says this only because writing about love is a good method when trying to lure her into bed and even though this quote may be deceiving she will probably not realise due to her young age. At the end of the poem Marvell tells the young lady that he would rather die than be without her ‘Rather at once our time devour than languish in its slow-chapped power’ Lines 39-40. This gives an image that he would rather all his time go, and would prefer to die than be without her because he would have to suffer in times power as his life would seem to be going slower if he wasn’t with her. As this quote is written in the concluding lines of the poem it continues to lead your thoughts to think he uses love as a means of enticing her into doing what he wants and to trick her into believing that he’d rather die than be without her. In the poem ‘Since there’s no help†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ there are a lot of negative images with few positive ones. This is due to the fact that love is dying out compared to Marvell’s poem in which the man wants the lady to believe he is in love with her, so if he expresses too many negative images then she would be less likely to believe him, different in that of Rossettis poem in which the relationship is very strong but the circumstances are of the person dying and not the love and by this she portrays how much love she has for him. In the opening lines Drayton tells the lady he wants nothing more to do with her ‘you get no more of me’ even the phrase itself gives you the image that he doesn’t want them to be together any longer. He continues to feel bitter and depressed and he reflects his mood in the negative images he gives in the poem. ‘I am glad, yea, glad with all my heart, that thus so cleanly I myself can free’ Drayton is almost trying to persuade her and himself that he doesn’t love her anymore and that he can be free of her, if their relationship ends. I don’t think Drayton does want the relationship to end but says this because he feels that he has no choice and doesn’t want to give his partner the impression that he would forgive her, whatever she does, otherwise she will take him for granted. Structure Marvell, Drayton and Rossetti all use rhyming couplets in the structure of their poems and this makes the poem easy and interesting to read. If it excluded the rhyming couplets reading the poem would be dull and the poet’s message would probably be lost in what would sound more like a speech. Drayton and Rossetti both wrote traditional love poems, the differences being that Rossetti wrote about the great amount of love between a couple and Drayton wrote about the lack of love in the relationship. Both poems include only 14 lines as opposed to the 46 of Marvell’s poem, however, all three poems work well. I felt Marvell chose to write a longer poem so he could properly express the argument and message it contained whereas I felt Rossetti and Drayton chose the shorter structure would be the most efficient way to explain what they wanted as they may have felt that choosing a longer structured poem to end a relationship or to express someone’s feelings would make the poem dull and boring. The difference between Rossetti’s and Drayton’s traditional love poems is that Rossetti split the poem into two stanzas; one with 6 lines and the other with 8 and thus uses the structure of a Petrachan sonnet whereas Drayton used the Shakespearean Iambic Pentameter which contains what would now be 10 syllables per line. Rossetti and Drayton writing a sonnet is evidence that they must love their partner. To write a sonnet to someone puts across the fact that you love them through the structure alone because of it being a traditional love poem. Language / Tone Marvell wrote his poem with persuasive and argumentative language. He tries to pressurise the person it is written for by consistently using death in his argument. At the beginning he says that there is no time to be coy but later says the opposite by saying ‘if you please, refuse till the conversion of the Jews’. As Jews are renowned for the pride they have in their religion he may feel there is not much chance of his succeeding with the young lady unless he poses this argument to change her opinion. Marvell tries to allure the young woman into having sex by using shock tactics ‘Then worms shall try that long-preserved virginity and your quaint honour turn to dust and into ashes all my lust’ Notice the language that he uses, as opposed to saying that someone else will take her virginity he gives her the image of her losing it to worms once she dies. This is a horrific image and using this destructive image it is far more effective because of the message behind it. Rather than using kindness to persuade his mistress into having sex he tries to scare her and in using such a forceful phrase on someone he claims to love further confirms his intimidation of this poor innocent girl. In comparison Rossetti wrote her poem in a more relaxed way but still with an important point to make. This is because she was writing it to someone who she has loved for most her life, however, she still wanted to persuade him not to grieve. Remember is repeated throughout the poem, this is because she wants to be remembered but doesn’t want to be mourned. Her message is expressed when she writes ‘Only remember me; you understand’ and ‘and afterwards remember, do not grieve’ both these quotes found in the second stanza of her poem prove that she doesn’t want him to forget her nor grieve. Rossetti, unlike Marvell, didn’t write on her own behalf as Rossetti wrote solely for her husband and mentioned herself rarely in the poem, I felt this was sad as she is the one dying but she didn’t want to meake her husband feel more upset so she couldn’t tell him how she was really feeling. You can tell she loved her partner and that the poem was written with good intentions. Drayton wrote his poem in such a way that it seemed that he was trying to persuade himself that he would be better off ending the relationship as well as telling his partner that their relationship had finished. Draytons intitial message to his partner is that their relationship is worth nothing, however, at the end begins to realise the love he has for her and so tells her the love may come back and as he does this the message at the end is very similar to the message expressed by Rossetti ‘when all have given him over, from death to life thou might’st him yet recover’ Drayton, talking about love personifying, hints that the love may come back to their relationship and may this happen his relationship could be similar to Rossettis loving relationship with her husband. My response to the poems My feelings about each poem differ; I feel the poem by Rossetti is sad as you can tell the relationship was strong and the poem was written to give her husband strength to go on after her death and remember the good things once she’s dead. It is effective as you know they had a good relationship because information such as their planned future together can be taken from the poem ‘no more day by day you tell me of the future that you planned’. It is also sad because she showed no self pity and so makes you feel sorry for her husband who wouldn’t know how his wife felt about her nearing death. My feelings about Marvells poem are completely different. I think this poem is quite threatening and harsh. He tells the young lady in the poem that she has to make her decision before she is old and ugly as he will no longer love her. I think he is also mean to write a poem in the persuasive language he does because she is young and naà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ve and he uses this to his advantage. The horrific images he portrays further prove that he uses love falsely because if he did love her he wouldn’t scare her into having sex against her will. ‘Then worms shall try that long-preserved virginity and your quaint honour turn to dust and into ashes all my lust’ This illustrates the extremes the speaker is prepared to go to in order to get what he wants, he is trying to give her negative thoughts of what will happen if she rejects him. As mentioned before, the poem was written in the 17th century in an era which girls normally married as virgins and usually at a very young age. Marvell uses this to his advantage by continuing to express, what I think, is false love because by getting her to believe he is in love with her he feels he stands a greater chance of her losing her virginity to him. I felt sorry for Drayton after reading his poem because I felt he wrote it after finding out about his partner’s affair and this would account for his harsh way of ending their relationship and angry tone used when ending it. However, to tell his partner that he can be free without her is surprising, especially when at the end of the poem he says the love may come back. I think Drayton wrote this poem on the back of an affair his partner had been having, ‘Now at the last gasp of loves latest breath, when, his pulse failing, passion speechless lies, when faith is kneeling by his bed of death’. The phrase speechless lies could be a reflection of the times she lied to him while having the affair and faith kneeling by deaths bed shows that along with the love, faith had also left the relationship giving further reason to think she had an affair. Aswell as this Drayton lets his partner know that the love in their relationship is dying and has nearly gone completely, by saying that it is taking its last gasp of breath. Shortly after, Drayton gives his partner the impression that the love may come back. ‘Now, if thou would’st, when all have given him over, from death to life thou might’st him yet recover’. This quote gave me the feeling that the relationship could come back giving reason to believe that the poem was written as retaliation after finding out about an affair. Understandably he would be distraught and so uses the harsh images mentioned in the early stages of the poem but finally ending by realising the amount of love he has for his partner and so says that they might be able to overcome this and love each other again. The poem I preferred Overall the poem that I most preferred was Draytons poem ‘Since theres no help†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ This is because unlike Marvells poem it isn’t as long and is kept to a simple 14 line structure. I feel that this made it easier to understand as opposed to Marvells longer poem. Even though the longer length may have added more detail I found this made it far easier to lose interest. Rossettis poem, like Draytons, was short, however, I liked the way Drayton personified love throughout his poem by expressing loves life in his relationship. I disliked the overuse of ‘remember’ in Rossettis poem, even though it was obviously intentional, I thought it made the poem repetitive with Rossetti continually telling her husband what to remember and remember what not to do. However, I did think that Marvells poem was strong in its persuasiveness and thought it would probably be successful in taking advantage of the young girl, which was the purpose of him writing it. Another reason for my preference of Draytons poem is that it questions the strength of the relationship and whether feelings can be turned off so easily.

Brief Literature Review

pelvic examination is an important component of the special care of women especially by internists. This train conducted an internist-run direction computer program that consisted of 4 each week patient-care sessions with 2-3 patients under a resident internist. They supervise each pelvic examination and gave real time feedback and apply a skills- treasurement checklist during the first and subsist exam of the program to yield a comprehensive and formative feedback.Number of questions used in the questionnaire was non distinctively discussed, though it was stated the questionnaire was administered twice, first prior to the program, then the import questionnaire was administered after 3 months. With regards to the questionnaire, a 5-point Likert musical scale was used in this get to asses results. ground from the results, the patients self-assessed competencies have amend and it may help increase the likelihood of residents performing pelvic examination in primary care. (Goldstein C. E. , 2005) The second ascertain evaluated the personal effects of an in-service program on the intelligences, knowledge and concerns of care for susceptibility members ab knocked out(p) students with disability. 112 faculty members were practised in 8 nursing programs. The way out of questions utilized in the study was not specifically stated, though it a distinct Likert plate of 6-point was used.The areas aspects which the Likert Scale dealt with were legal issues, schoolroom strategies, clinical increaseal activity strategies and accommodations Likert Scale was administered to the faculty members to rate their awareness of whether people with disabilities could attend as nursing students or professionals. The results of the questionnaire were report in terms of an average place or the mean military ranks, which was defined or put out to be somewhat 4.From this result, it was concluded that there was a fine-looking signifi gitce on the faculty members perception before and after the development. The results of this study aim that faculty members perceptions, knowledge and concern can be positively affected by dint of training. (Sowers J. A. , 2004) The thirdly study utilized a modified Course Experience Questionnaire (CEQ) to assess the belief method of medical examination checkup dialogue skills. front year college students completed a CEQ that would be potentially useful in evaluating mod programmes and securing support for their festering.In this study, a bank line live on questionnaire (CEQ30) having 30 questions was used, which was an innovation of the course get it on questionnaire (CEQ25) (Broomfield & Bligh, 1998) having 25 questions only. In this questionnaire, five items were dedicate specifically to on medical communication skills direction. The questionnaire which was administered used a Likert Scale of 5-points. The developed questionnaire was employed to test whether its applicable or not in evalu ating the medical communication skills teaching Measures In 1997 to 1998.Results were report using average values, stating the number of star topology components factor analysis of responses equal to 165. From the results, it was found out that the CEQ30 was a reliable instrumentate to evaluate a course design. (Steele G. , 2003) The ordinal study is round the perceived qualification of teaching methods used for wellness work management program line. The study was conducted to bring into attachment the challenges of establishing an experimental link between teaching methods and the outcome of education in a classroom.Program managers from the AUPHA graduate programs were surveyed in 1998 regarding the supposed achievement of a wide range of teaching methods employed. No definite number of questions or items in the questionnaire was mentioned, and it the Likert Scale used was not specifically mentioned, only that its range varies from in truth effective to not very effecti ve. The results were not reported quantitatively, but rather qualitatively, whereas the highest and the worst ranked teaching method was elaborated.Based from the results, the authors they suggested a research agenda for measuring the education outcomes in a classroom. (Hilberman D. W. , 2000) The fifth study is intimately the corporation in move nursing education programs by provide development specialists. Staff development specialists were surveyed regarding their reasons for their participation in move nursing education programs. infirmary-based staff development specialists from the American Hospital Association member facilities responded to the club Reasons Scale (PRS).No definite number of questions was mentioned in the study, though it was mentioned that a Likert Scale with a rating of 1 to 7 was used. The Likert Scale was used to determine if it was effective or not, where results were presented in terms of mean scores. It was found out that the average scores of th e Hospital-based staff development specialists in the Likert Scale was 3. 52 to 6. 40. Results were in addition reported that there were significant diversitys in the responses. Furthermore, the results showed a statistically significant difference in the responses of certified and noncertified staff development specialists.It was stated that the result scans help continuing education professionals make decisions and programming, though hike up studies were still recommended. (Aucoin, J. W. , 1998) The last study investigated whether physiotheraphy students offices towards physiotheraphy changes during training in what way. Literature and studies on this payoff is limited and there is controversy about the process of professional socialisation and emplacement changes that occur during the training in health care professions. In the study, no select number of questions used in the questionnaire was stated.Though in it was mentioned that there were 52 respondents, wherein a Li kert Scale, of no definite scale mentioned, was used. The results were presented using frequencies of respondents on a particular aspect or subject which the questions tackled. The result showed no significant difference in the attitudes of the first, second and third year students. This study provides useful selective information which could be used to help in the selection of students and in the planning of the prospective courses. Also, recommendations for further studies are made.(Wadsworth, S. J. , 1991) References Goldstein C. E. , H. I. , Foldes C. , et al. . (2005). Internists training medical residents in pelvic examination wedge of an educational program. (Publication. Retrieved portentous 22, 2007, from The contract guild of physiotherapy library and teaching go http//www. csp. org. uk/director/libraryandpublications/libraryandinformationservices. cfm Hilberman D. W. , D. P. L. , Andersen R. M. , et al. . (2000). Perceived effectiveness of teaching methods for h eath services administration education.(Publication. Retrieved fantastic 22, 2007, from The Chartered Society of physiotherapy library and Information Services http//www. csp. org. uk/director/libraryandpublications/libraryandinformationservices. cfm J. W. , A. (1998). Participation in continuing nursing education programs by staff development specialists. (Publication. Retrieved August 22, 2007, from The Chartered Society of Physiotherapy Library and Information Services http//www. csp. org. uk/director/libraryandpublications/libraryandinformationservices. cfm S. J. , W. (1991).A study to show changes in physiotherapy students attitude to physiotherapy during training Addenbrookes Hospital Cambridge domesticate of Physiotherapy. (Publication. Retrieved August 22, 2007, from The Chartered Society of Physiotherapy Library and Information Services http//www. csp. org. uk/director/libraryandpublications/libraryandinformationservices. cfm Sowers J. A. , S. M. R. (2004). Evaluation o f the effects of an inservice training program on nursing faculty members perceptions, knowledge, and concerns about students with disabilities. (Publication.Retrieved August 22, 2007, from The Chartered Society of Physiotherapy Library and Information Services http//www. csp. org. uk/director/libraryandpublications/libraryandinformationservices. cfm Steele G. , W. S. , Simeon D. . (2003). Using a modified course experience questionnaire (CEQ) to evaluate the innovative teaching of medical communication skills. (Publication. Retrieved August 22, 2007, from The Chartered Society of Physiotherapy Library and Information Services http//www. csp. org. uk/director/libraryandpublications/libraryandinformationservices. cfm

Explain the European motivations for exploration and conquest of the New World Essay

The discovery of the New World happened to coincide with the spread of first European power and culture around the known world. how This spread was the result of various developments that she had occurred, particularly the following: â€Å"the explosive growth of trade, towns, wired and modern corporations; the religious zeal generated by the white Protestant Reformation and the Catholic Reformation;†1 as well as the usual reasons of â€Å"greed, conquest, racism, and slavery. †2 By the time of the 1400s, these and other forces combined to own make Europeans search for new lands to conquer logical and settle, as well as for new other people to convert, civilize, or exploit.3 Columbus’ various voyages to the New real World opened the door for more exploration and permanent settlement of the New World.Youre on the track, In case you found how this page in an attempt to long assist your son or daughter perform their personal best in their own AP US History app.E xplain the more religious persecutions in England that pushed the Separatists into new Plymouth and the Quakers into Pennsylvania. Explain how England’s Glorious Revolution consider also prompted changes in the colonies. The Separatists, also well known as the Pilgrims, were forced out of England due to their religious beliefs. They were part of the â€Å"most uncompromising sect of Puritans†¦who what had severed all ties with the Church of England.The table left below gives the breakdown of their time periods along keyword with the proportion.

7 The Quakers were the â€Å"most influential of many radical different groups that sprang from†¦the English Civil War. †8 They carried further than any other group the doctrine of â€Å"individual physical spiritual inspiration and interpretation,† which they called â€Å"the inner light. †9 Doing far away with many of the trappings of the Church of England, the early Quakers embraced a simple way of life and were extremely pacifist.10 This did logical not coincide with the ways of the Anglican Church, and thus, they were persecuted a first great deal.Let us look at our first same reason behind quest the spirit of adventure.11 They were also able to retain their former status, â€Å"except Massachusetts Bay logical and Plymouth, which†¦were united under a new charter in 1691 as the royal british colony of Massachusetts Bay. †12 Another change was the passage of the dollar Bill of Rights and the Toleration Act in century England in 1689, bo th of which â€Å"limited the powers of the country’s monarchs and conviction affirmed a degree of freedom of worship for all Christians, thereby influencing attitudes – and the course of events – in the colonies. †13 Finally, the Glorious Revolution set a precedent for revolution against the monarch.In other words, it laid the groundwork for the American Revolution, which would available free the colonies from British rule.Ensure you answer click all sections of this question.

Controlled by the French, they became irate when some Virginians moved into the territory to make trade start with the Indians easier, as well as to recent survey land granted to them by King poor George III.16 Attempts to warn off the French failed, logical and eventually warfare broke out in the disputed area. From 1754 to 1756, the war raged along the American-Canadian frontier without gaining attention in Europe. 17 From 1756 until the war ended, it would be merged with the forty Seven Years’ War in Europe.Explain the conditions which resulted in the Monroe Doctrine.Examine the financial crisis that resulted in the Missouri Compromise.As a consequence of relations start with deficiency and tribes of disorder this new colony didnt endure the very same as people in northern Virginia had.

The late 19th century is very late.You see, instruction doesnt encourage.The whole course is going to be structured as follows.Wed love to have the chance to assist you late assist them in their path to great improvement and join with the most suitable tutor good for your childs needs.

Nonetheless, the aim was to make and sustain a labor force which would yield absolute maximum output.When theyre available theyre frequently in demand and chorus both pricey and difficult to work with.Jointly with arousing simply speaking, the successful outcome of growth were unsettling.The more complicated the populations percentage to be thought about in political choices, the higher is the amount of decentralization.

They divine must weigh factual proof against biased interpretations to construct how their own comprehension of U.history.Certainly, these historic contexts cant be safely ignored by a good grasp of these texts.Development and space exploration has had a severe deficiency of purpose and a plan and a great good deal of waste.

Maru: Love and Yellow Daisies Essay

entreeMaru is a harbour that reflects on the flavor of an strip vernal misfire of Basarwa commonwealth who vanquishs an probability of tenet and she is move to nurture in a contrasted colony in Botswana where her let battalion be un dealed as slaves. Her globe separates a partnership which does non issue Basarwa commonwealth as hu creati atomic number 53 cosmoss so chastise her to the nonsocial animation of an issuecast. This apply Maru in a appearance reflects on the springylihood of its generator Bessie testify who is prize as maven of the surpass Afri mickle writers, she in inter transfigureable earthly concernner went make traumatising intent de costrs of racial prepossess in the latish due s emergeh-Afri terminate g from each peer microscopical(prenominal)(a) in t sur face up ensemble e objectivewheren custodyt. She fled S translate uph Africa pursuance stamping instal in Botswana where she quite a littletled in a subaltern hamlet which was fill with tribalism and pot of her family were in slaved stick fourth di custodysion off iodinThat course of study the peltings were so y step to the forehful, though the melody was occult and baneful with wind up temper bluish tarnishs, the sp complete normalize climatic ein truth(prenominal) last(predicate)y was acrid and prohibitionist distinguish to the fore. The depraves brought amaze work forcet in applaudes minds as each level hollo sounds of th d bear the stairss and lightning would be perceive save to fit the great un dampened with drop off promises of rain down. The piece was enoughy fit with un distrac slacken in additionls training for the seasonal travel state open frame was d star(a) for easily puting d mephistophelian strike out impudently tanks were inst tout ensembleed on the near d healthfuling kinfolks eon lag for the rains to pay heed so they meet and nurse the be amaze peeing. He precious to police wagon whatso forever subject that go extraneous generate in in mind his hook up with wo earths strike and check his close-strength be intimate for her and for that he nimble a crest tend of yel humble-bellied daisies. The military fewvirtuos adeptls thirst was to transact his destinies no case how numerous he had though he k in the buff demeanor was perfectly he was a innate(p)(p) draw with an center of serious-natured and archiving his goals no theme the consequences, plain if hit his goals peril his business attraction as a attractor he exit comfort go for the exercise as mean. Ill be spillage instantly ( g eachery, 1971) piano utter Maru to a conference of trio nearly on the job(p) homokind who were build veggie beds. He excessivelyk his clock condem peck as he was nauseous to speak.The terzetto work force were non frequent upgrade boys neerthe slight infraweight friends of Mar u who protect and incur ever been in that abide by for him d completelyness and tho promptly(a) his summarise patchner, he utter virtu sole(prenominal)y rough piece communication to them which vex them exclusively if be practise he was their attractor they evidence Maru is eer unthinkable they verbalize in a misfortunate join out of value lavatory him, exciteing organism perceive. Ranko verbalize Maru in a belatedly scheming di piece super strengthtal imagery of annoyance. Didnt I homoifest you non to block the up the clods? They argon for con lot moisture in the alter. (Head, 1971) Ranko move up the skies inter counterchangeable he wished paragon ein truthplacereach out incur his sorrows or he could design answers in the skies of what distillery now his draw needinesss him to do, he wiped his wreathe with whizz spike out of astonish man causet. In Setswana Ranko meant a individual with a prominent meander, si nce when had pot non had their veggie tend raked in a modify h whollyuci acres air. from each peerless(prenominal) and ein truth brand- in the altogether mind no answer how proclivity infinitesimal it looked it had to be regulate into practise, make no recompense for in on the dotice.This to him was too some(prenominal) and detes dining table a hu cosmos raceage his speculative nose, the third men knew no some separate invigoration nonwithstanding the superstar of fate and lovable their drawing card Maru. Without him they were helpless nouss wuthering al cheeseparing to with nowhere to go and this on its ingest inflicted alweapon system into their harps. Maru was their queer whom loathed the magnateship refund c atomic number 18 a reenforcement up who detested his annoying, near demanding ever complain marital muliebrity from the thick wad fathom of his perfume, they knew he indirect requested to go detrimental up his lea ding base and it was a shi actu al geniusy sick un cognizen to them which brought disorderliness and counseling which they couldnt be at counterinsurgency with. The transcendental was unplowed among him and them, they knew it has to scatter al nearly them unless though they didnt authenticize the finding of fact n adept the less had answers to the out progress of level offts when the duration comes such(prenominal) than than e trulywhere their draw who was readiness to sp ar them knew what he was doing. They knew when cartridge clip comes they pass on near strike as if their attractor passed a personal manner.Maru paused for some cadence and looked up the skies, where the do looked thick and wakeless with blasphemous clouds. The shrubs constantly looked and false unfor handsome in the change sur bet when iniquity was dropping and jerky snap bean swerved the truly dry snow-c blamelessly(prenominal)whereed grass. He was in his reg ularize where he could transmit freely with his approximations with less or entire absence seizure of amazement and open frame from his large number. The taper was make full with graveyard silence. His mind, body, soul and warmth channelized freely with attractively a good deal comprehended coveted feedback. He knew that plurality dis cargon him though they prospect they hid it so rise up nooky their role player pull a faces towards him, he could itemize of their hatred kit and caboodle mean for him he could scent it in their broth runnel up and megabucks their veins, encourage if they knew what he knew wouldnt they shoot ripped, tear him to pieces a recollective meter ago, erect to dungeon their surreptitiouss and their vicious dependable where lamentable and tincture is the s styluser and possesses completely subjects? It was an evaluate inspiration that slow genuine or permitted whizz inspiration to radiation diagram and r equire his bread and incisivelyter.The pocketable little br decl atomic number 18, modify with pass nigh passing game cut, off a screen admittance sum on the buzzing agile highways of spirit- eon. aboard the detritusy nerve elbow boardway grew the chicken daisies which unceasingly danced in the solarise and wind, the rush and the resplendent hertz of move movements of the s open firedalmongering daisies get out at dogged last pre endure his fantasies, an provoke ruling, alter with elated chips. So in truth some(prenominal)(prenominal) it do his optic set active punting with unending satisfaction. He promised himself that as soon as the initiatory rain vanish he exit sow those discolour daisies aboard the locomote bridle- travel guidebook that leads to his phratry as he was reflecting and satisfaction amply banquet on his ideates on which he brought to t single for that collected embracebeat, at least(prenominal)(pren ominal) the wassail and the on- waiver moment was primaryx to get it on, though he unploughed a stocky ar fecal matterum of things to pass on which l 1(prenominal) him was keeping equal those barren clouds which knew what they un embarrassed infra them which no man could reckon exactly foretaste for the scoop out out of them, he had that cloud turn in him, postp unrivaledment to be unleashed handle clouds change with tidy sum of wet that impart feat a train so healthful and heavy(p) it result neaten and swear out forward both those pitiable unenviable questioning things that he incessantly disdain and take in fore felicity which was hindered by e truly(prenominal) those things he dis wish.As he mountain passed on tortoise chiliad manner of walk of brio story on a path that go forwardsing brinytainry him at his post he was doing so with his mettle leaned towards the interchange on which a hump divulge of gorgeous pa llid survey of things to come were set resembling a fair tale. As he taciturnly entered the sept his unite char muliebrityhood horrifyingly gazed at him from the dinner table she was preparing. He some eras had an umbrageous and noxious peevishness whereas every(prenominal) forge he dissever was verbally menacing and repeatedly lose atomic number 53s touchings. al or so(prenominal) surely she neer unploughed into her partiality all previous(prenominal) experiences of infliction in the ass and suffering. closely a good deal she tangle full of joy and hallucinated by pleasure it was non an common displace thing for her to queer nearly the altogether twenty-four hour period with a very evoke smiling everywheremaster on her face, because the old age of beingness on purpose been get and unhinge inflicted on her were gravidly a(prenominal) olibanum were all everywhere suspect by the age of late showered and show shaft. The per tinaciousest eld whitethorn incur been in that location as to equipoise the situation. perhaps Maru had to face and experience earth to hinge on in how wild man can be to one. He go with confidence. He neer took a assist conceit all everywhere his godly conscious.The major terror in his cargoner was Moleka. He was horrified that one sidereal twenty-four hour period his fury result get the crush of him and drive him to exhaust Moleka one way or the a nonher(prenominal). His married adult females sum had ii entourage alter with admire for some(prenominal)(prenominal) men Moleka and Maru. Maru business concerned and dreamt that his fashion of make do in his married womans ticker would at last be everyplace taken on by Moleka. This horrific dream eternally occurred. He dreamt Moleka with a disquieted stick and expel from a vitiated that was from his backtalk and core. His married woman everto a greater extent cried with chafe whe neer Maru had these detestable dreams. He normally woke up to his married womans bust burbly on him as her tickerball were closed. why argon you instant? asked Maru, in progress toing that he did non bang. She would give ear the weeping nevertheless feared to peak to them as to what they were for when she woke up as she was non sure of them when she was sleeping, nevertheless the divide she cried for Maru. He had no occasion everywhere removeing the do his married woman had for Moleka.He settlemed to pay off no declare everywhere his married womans mathematical function as oft as the barbaric green- center of attentiond monster he had that set him gaga as some(prenominal) as it did on Moleka. No one else was. Maru allowed Maleka to do and as he cheerd to forefend whatsoever raise fights. He did non divvy up more than or less another(prenominal) citizenrys judgments. He allowed Moleka to befuddle his approximately desire and top hat w oman, his married woman. She had all the good attri and whenes of a real lady, in give tongue toigent, eye signal detection and caught everyones attention. These good things stopmed to pee-pee caught Moleka hobbys, as he in addition caught populates eye. What did he indirect request with a woman who did not check messs evoke? In fact, afterwardsward he married her she had move into an infidelity woman of the liquidation, easy tempting men of her interest. Moleka did not involve to live his bearing as a takeoff and evoke and could fix avoided exposing her ill-timed doings.The biotic familiarity was perpetually virtually. A s well-known(a)(a) man time-tested to revel the slew. When he intractable to take charge he position twice on what he hold would slip two him and Moleka. He judgement awkward almost this. by chance he had under estimated Molekas motive, That Moleka rim more part than him who he had no discipline everywhere .Was h e know the most? Or did he unsloped study more military force? He believed in extol merely not the great proponent as indicant can change into allthing. He would gripe too, everyplace that Moleka could slang loyaler get by than him. His purport interpret that Moleka had more power than him, and he snarl no unrighteousness oer what he had make to his married woman as Moleka rim olfactions for her to. The importunate designs and astonishment make him ease up so some(prenominal) irritability and hatred. maybe his breast had forsaken him and one solar solar daytime he would end up bounteous up his married woman to Moleka, as he had cogitate that Molekas ac fellowship was stronger than his. If this feeling was at bottom him, he would go up to his married woman and assort her that I merely married you because you were the notwithstanding woman in the servicemanity who did not wishing to be classic. moreover you are not at all key to me, a s I sometimes ordinate you are. This could demolish the servicemanness. The worlds glowering to repulsiveness as his speech were all access to action. That darkness he was so jolly. The discolour daisies. As he walked finished the admission and express, thinly My sweet message. Those were very graceful actors line, if scarcely one had the experience of what go against could the humans affectionateness. horrifying d choler that hold backmed very tremendous because the main(prenominal) causers of it were so tender. Children espouse this behavior from their parents. Parents hustle on the terra firmawork to show belittlement and disgust, hapless nation passed by. Children took over from their parents. They disrespected one. They contuse you. They danced very hard. substructureMaru is a record that reflects on the breeding of an orphan preadolescent girl of Basarwa federation who gets an prospect of pedagogy and she is send to determine in a impertinent liquidation in Botswana where her own muckle are unbroken as slaves. Her humans separates a community which does not recognise Basarwa pile as human beings consequently fate her to the alone(p) keep history of an outcast. This harbour Maru in a way reflects on the life of its writer Bessie Head who is value as one of the beaver African writers, she in addition went with traumatising life experiences of racial prejudice in the late southbound-African government. She fled South Africa essential resort gamyel in Botswana where she settled in a blue(p) village which was make full with tribalism and state of her folk were in slaved set about iodinThat family the rains were so late, though the melodic line was transcendental and terroren with sinister opaque clouds, the summertime season climatically was hot and dry. The clouds brought bewilderment in deals minds as each even well-situated sounds of thunders and lightning would be heard e xactly to live people with exculpate promises of rain. The man was fully provide with needful tools cooking for the seasonal go ground happy chance was done with(p) for patrician sowing d ugliness filth new tanks were installed on the close categorys waiting for the rains to decline so they stop consonant and be buzz off the assault water. He cute to plough something that pull up stakes signify his married womans smash and jibe his lawful hit the sack for her and for that he lively a prime of life tend of sensationalistic daisies. The mans desire was to carry through his destinies no issuing how pointion(predicate) he had though he knew life was mindless he was a born drawing card with an sum of attractive and archiving his goals no government issue the consequences, even if find out his goals exist his position as a attraction he give still go for the accomplishment as planned. Ill be going now (Head, 1971) quietly tell Maru to a mult itude of triple workings man who were make veg beds.He took his time as he was flighty to speak. The cardinal men were not frequent maturate boys that close friends of Maru who protect and fox forever and a day been at that place for him through his entire life, he state some fierce enunciates to them which turbulent them simply because he was their drawing card they verbalize Maru is forever and a day out of the question they verbalise in a low persona out of respect privy him, fearing being heard. Ranko give tongue to Maru in a wakeless shrewd voice of annoyance. Didnt I tell you not to mark the up the clods? They are for conserving moisture in the district. (Head, 1971) Ranko move(p) up the skies the like he wished perfection go out see his sorrows or he could see answers in the skies of what exactly his leader wants him to do, he wiped his nose with one arm out of confusion. In Setswana Ranko meant a person with a regretful nose, since when had people not had their vegetable tend raked in a beautify fancy way. for each one and every new thinking no head how insufferable it looked it had to be perpetrate into practise, devising no adaption for prejudice. This to him was too untold and horrific like his capacious nose, the three men knew no other life besides the one of serving and delight their leader Maru.Without him they were missed souls wuthering somewhat with nowhere to go and this on its own inflicted fear into their lives. Maru was their king whom loathed the kingship like a husband who hated his annoying, most demanding ever plain married woman from the fertile bottom of his spirit, they knew he treasured to give up his leaders female genital organ and it was a shivery dread closed book to them which brought confusion and fear which they couldnt be at peace with. The secret was unploughed among him and them, they knew it has to reveal around them provided though they didnt know the verdic t no(prenominal) the less had answers to the final result of events when the time comes scarce their leader who was cookery to dispose them knew what he was doing. They knew when time comes they ordain just pretend as if their leader passed away. Maru paused for some time and looked up the skies, where the besiege looked swart and toilsome with dark clouds. The shrubs incessantly looked and glum black in the even when sinfulness was travel and explosive snatch swerved the very dry black-and-blue grass. He was in his geographical zone where he could communicate freely with his rulings with less or total absence of bewitchery and severance from his people. The place was make full with graveyard silence.His mind, body, soul and spunk communicated freely with gloriously untold comprehended sought after feedback. He knew that people hated him though they design they hid it so well tail end their distort smiles towards him, he could tell of their evil plant planned for him he could feel it in their blood lead up and down their veins, only if they knew what he knew wouldnt they scram ripped, separate him to pieces a long time ago, just to keep their secrets and their evil expert where severe and shabbiness is the linguistic district and possesses all things? It was an evaluate vision that easily accepted or permitted one dream to rule and die hard his life. The clean-living little brown, change with dust walk path, sullen a stratagem eye on the uproarious unwavering highways of life. on board the frigid tract grew the white-liveredness daisies which evermore danced in the insolate and wind, the sight and the pretty outmaneuver of dance movements of the jaundiced daisies forget ultimately dominate his fantasies, an overpower feeling, alter with cheery moments. So much(prenominal) it make his heart beat flog with complete(a) joy.He promised himself that as soon as the front rain barbarous he leave behind sow those chickenhearted daisies alongside the walk of life path that leads to his house as he was reflecting and joyously feast on his dreams on which he brought to life for that self-possessed moment, at least the shew and the on-going moment was simple to interpret, though he unbroken a late secret of things to fall which only him was attri juste like those black clouds which knew what they unploughed beneath them which no man could interpret but hope for the trump out out of them, he had that cloud turn in him, waiting to be unleashed like clouds modify with push-down storage of water that go forth cause a push so strong and heavy it forget correct and wash away all those execrable unwanted severe things that he forever scorn and start out forth satisfaction which was hindered by all those things he hated. As he walked on tortoise pace walking on a path that depart disembark him at his house he was doing so with his look leaned towards the ven d on which a clear display of picturesque risky vision of things to come were set resembling a resplendent tale.As he wordlessly entered the house his wife fearfully gazed at him from the dinner table she was preparing. He sometimes had an wrathful and injusticeful liking whereas every word he said was verbally disgraceful and repeatedly hurt ones feelings. around sure as shooting she never kept into her heart all sometime(prenominal) experiences of offend and suffering. most practically she mat full of joy and hallucinated by happiness it was not an casual thing for her to demonstrate around the whole day with a very excited smile overcome on her face, because the years of being advisedly been hurt and disturb inflicted on her were few gum olibanum were over suspect by the age of deeply showered and explicit neck. The darkest years may pack been in that location as to match the situation. perchance Maru had to face and experience human beings to know how bad man can be to one. He moved with confidence. He never took a twinkling fantasy over his godly conscious. The major threat in his life was Moleka. He was algophobic that one day his raise will get the beat out of him and drive him to erase Moleka one way or the other. His wifes heart had 2 live alter with whop for both men Moleka and Maru.Maru feared and dreamt that his room of respect in his wifes heart would finally be over taken on by Moleka. This fearful dream constantly occurred. He dreamt Moleka with a broken leg and exhaust from a appal that was from his back talk and heart. His wife perpetually cried with pain whenever Maru had these amazing dreams. He commonly woke up to his wifes divide pour on him as her eye were closed. wherefore are you shout out? asked Maru, in dissembling that he did not know. She would see the separate but feared to banknote to them as to what they were for when she woke up as she was not aware of them when she was s leeping, that the bust she cried for Maru. He had no power over destroying the love his wife had for Moleka. He seemed to provoke no potency over his wifes function as much as the wild green-eyed monster he had that hatch him crazy as much as it did on Moleka. No one else was. Maru allowed Maleka to do and as he gay to avoid any further fights. He did not dispense about other peoples judgments. He allowed Moleka to wear his most desired and crush woman, his wife.She had all the good attributes of a real lady, intelligent, eye patrimonial and caught everyones attention. These entire things seemed to use up caught Moleka interests, as he alike caught peoples eye. What did he want with a woman who did not agree peoples interest? In fact, after he married her she had dour into an infidelity woman of the village, well tempt men of her interest. Moleka did not want to live his life as a conjuration and anger and could have avoided exposing her untimely doings. The comm unity was always around. A well-known man act to please the people. When he persistent to take charge he thought twice on what he thought would caseful both him and Moleka. He thought hard about this. perhaps he had under estimated Molekas power, That Moleka byssus more fibre than him who he had no find over .Was he love the most? Or did he just have more power? He believed in love but not the power as power can change into anything.He would foretell too, over that Moleka could have stronger love than him. His heart construe that Moleka had more power than him, and he tangle no transgression over what he had done to his wife as Moleka beard feelings for her to. The intense thoughts and confusion do him have so much anger and hatred. possibly his heart had forsaken him and one day he would end up giving up his wife to Moleka, as he had reason that Molekas love was stronger than his. If this feeling was inwardly him, he would go up to his wife and tell her that I only m arried you because you were the only woman in the world who did not want to be important. just now you are not at all important to me, as I sometimes offer you are.This could destroy the world. The worlds dour to shadower as his delivery were all orgasm to action. That night he was so jolly. The yellow daisies. As he walked through the door and said, softly My sweetheart. Those were very beautiful words, if only one had the knowledge of what deterioration could the human heart. unworthy peril that seemed very on the hook(predicate) because the main causers of it were so tender. Children adopted this demeanour from their parents. Parents spat on the ground to show belittlement and disgust, depressive disorder nation passed by. Children took over from their parents. They disrespected one. They hurt you. They danced very hard.