Project Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Project - Essay Example The technology of the RRAS (Routing and Remote Access service) facilitates and supports the site-to-site and remote user data sharing and connectivity by making use of the VPN (virtual private network) or dial-up connections. A Routing and Remote Access service will offer XYZ Company’s end users facility regarding the remote access to our organizations network. Thus, staff will be able to create a site-to-site virtual private network connection among two servers at dissimilar locations. However we can have some of security related problems regarding the implementation of new Routing and Remote Access service technology (Microsoft, 2009) & (Microsoft, 2009). Question No-2: Project Goals: What are the business objectives (benefits and expected improvements) that will be achieved by completing this project? Is the problem/opportunities worth pursuing of RRAS? Through the implementation of the Routing and Remote Access service or RRAS technology we will have a lot of facilities regarding the corporate network data sharing and operational management. The main goals of XYZ Company regarding the Routing and Remote Access service or RRAS technology is to offer following facilities to business staff and management: However in case of new Remote Access service or RRAS technology establishment at XYZ Company we could face some problems regarding the data security and network privacy. In case of huge remote network connective we can face security threats from the outer world. For the successful technology implementation at XYZ Company we need to establish some of the fundamental key stones regarding the corporate technology infrastructure implementation. Below I have outlined some of following key stones regarding new technology infrastructure implementation at XYZ Company: By analyzing the overall project activities and operational tasks I have developed the complete budget plan for the project. In the above section I have mentioned

Causes of World War One Essay Example for Free

Causes of World War One Essay World War One was a turning point in history. Many scholars study this event and what caused this huge conflict. Germany used to be the sole one responsible for this war, but many controversial debates later, the blame was gradually put on the other great powers of Europe as well. In this essay, I will be analyzing the main causes of WWI, especially targeting the long-term causes. Most of these causes and events may be classified into 4 main themes: imperialism, the alliance system, militarism nationalism. Imperialism contributed greatly to the outbreak of WWI. Imperialism is when a country takes over other lands and subjects them to their rule to extend their power and influence. In the pre-WWI era, the great powers of Europe strove to expand their empires. Germany, who only became an united nation in 1871, desired a large empire like Britain’s, who at the time had an empire that stretched out over 5 continents and colonized about 1/3 of the world. However, Germany only had a few pieces of Africa. Soon, though, they decided they wanted more. In 1896, Admiral Muller said to Prince Henry of Germany, â€Å"either we harness the total strength of the nation ruthlessly, even if it means accepting the risk of a major war, or we limit ourselves to continental power alone.† This shows how much Germany would do for more land and power. It clearly shows they prioritized developing their empire over suppressing war if it arose. In 1897, Prince von Bulow of Germany said, â€Å"We don’t want to put anyone else in the shade but we too demand a place in the sun.† It is suggested that Germany wanted more of Africa and Asia. The fierce competition over lands caused incredible tension between the great powers. Each country wanted to dominate more lands to increase their trades and power. This can also be seen in the First Moroccan Crisis. France and Germany had begun to motion towards war over the colonization of Morocco. France, assisted by Britain and Russia, wanted to colonize Morocco, whilst Germany, who was weakly supported by Austria-Hungary wanted to annoy France and create strain in the Entente Cordiale’s friendship, as well as keep Morocco independent so it would be easier to conquer and keep trading with them. This shows how easily countries may begin to consider war and attack to take over new lands. Another event that shows clear intent of imperialism is the Bosnian Crisis in 1908, when Austria-Hungary took over Bosnia, tension grew so thick between Austria-Hungary and Serbia that with one tiny trigger, war would be a possible threat. Another main cause of WWI was militarism. Britain, who had the strongest navy at that time, felt threatened when Germany decided they wanted to build their navy power as well. The Anglo-German naval race of 1906-12 started when Kaiser William II of Germany released the Tirpitz Plan, which was a plan to increase Germany’s naval size. The British brought out the HMS Dreadnought, a deadly battleship, in 1906. Though Britain eventually won, it was clear Germany posed a serious threat. There was also an increase of armed forces which created the mood and atmosphere for war. By 1900, Russia had the biggest army of 1.1 million, though the number had decreased to 0.8 million by 1914. The armies of Germany and France had more than doubled from 1870, though England’s army had not increased much as they prioritized the naval race over building their army. With this attitude to building their military power, it was inevitable that these thoughts would eventually lead to putting the m to use. The alliance system also contributed greatly to the war. An alliance is when 2 or more countries form a type of ‘friendship’ where if one country is in trouble, the other/others would step in and help. The two main alliances were the Triple Entente, which consisted of France, Britain and Russia, and the Triple Alliance of Germany, Italy and Austria-Hungary. The Triple Entente, formed in 1907, remained strong as ever even when Germany tried to sever their bonds in an argument with France over Morocco. Additionally, Russia and Germany signed unofficial secret ‘reassurance treaties’ though it was not renewed in 1890 when William II of Germany took over. This led Russia to search for a new ally. In the end, France and Russia formed an alliance in 1894. This was exactly what Germany had hoped to avoid as now they were sandwiched between the 2 countries, leaving them extremely vulnerable in the case of an attack. However, William II was young and felt no need to have Russia on their side. It should be taken into account that if there wasn’t an alliance system, WII might not have been a ‘world war’, just one between Austria-Hungary and Serbia after an immediate cause- the trigger event of the assassination of the heir of the Austrian throne, Archduke Franz Ferdinand in Bosnia on 28th, June 1914. The assassination of the Archduke was committed by Gavrilo Princip, a Serbian nationalist. He was part of the ‘Black Hand’, a secret Serbian nationalist society. This links to nationalism as the Serbs were tired of being ruled by the Austro-Hungarians, and in return, murdered Austro-Hungary’s heir. This shows how much they were wiling to do to make their point. This also links back to the alliance system. France, bound by treaty to Russia, found themselves at war against Germany, and by extension, war against Austria Hungary. Meanwhile, Britain who was allied to France, declared war on Germany. Once again, it should be mentioned that if it were not for the alliance system, perhaps not as many countries would’ve been involved in the war.

The Softhearted Humanity of Bartleby the Scrivener Essay -- Bartleby S

The Softhearted Humanity of Bartleby the Scrivener What is to be said or done about the many "Bartlebys" of the world?   They come in many shapes and sizes, and are misunderstood and boggled about for different reasons, but they all trigger a sense of softhearted humanity in all they touch.   Herman Melville's Bartleby lets the reader make what they please concerning the baffling scrivener who, quite simply stated throughout the story, "would prefer not to" do just about anything.   Yet his employer just can not seem to get angry, for Bartleby does not refuse to work, he simply, and seemingly sadly, states that he would rather not perform his instructed duties.   He does not say it in vain, but rather in sadness.   There is something about Bartleby that calms the reader, yet makes them slightly angry over Bartleby's persistent stubbornness.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The narrator felt calm but somewhat perplexed by Bartleby's impassive declines.   Although the narrator, an attorney, employed quite a strange few of scriveners to work under him, Bartleby was by far the most complex, for each time his employer requested he examine a copied paper, Bartleby would reservedly reply, "I would prefer not to", and proceed with his copying.   "I looked at him steadfastly.   His face was leanly composed; his gray eyes dimly calm.   Not a wrinkle of agitation rippled him.   Had there been the least uneasiness, anger, impatience or impertinence in his manner...had there been anything ordinarily human about him, doubtless I should have violently dismissed him from the premises."   This quote suggests the special influence Bartleby possesses; the mark he makes on a mere man of the same species, and on of a sound mind.   And the lawyer even states, "... ... "I would prefer not to, but I am not particular" was his ambiguous reply.   The narrator did beyond what most good-hearted people would have done for Bartleby, and finally, he sadly concluded, "I think he is a little deranged."   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Humanity no doubt affected both Bartleby and the narrator.   In those dead letters Bartleby handled, he must have seen humanity and inhumanity alike.   Those dead letters left Bartleby dead inside and let nothing matter to him thereafter.   He may as well preferred not to live, and the attorney who desperately tried to make Bartleby see sanity again was too late and of no use.   Something so simple and innocent turned out so sad and unclear.   I know exactly why the last line of Bartleby was printed to say "Ah, Bartleby!   Ah, humanity!"   Melville wanted to leave me wondering how many Bartlebys there are and what their stories are.

Brain Cell Transplants

For decades the wonders of science have miraculously improved and given hope to the unfortunate individuals of the world. From stem cell research to cloning, there is not a day that goes by that there is not a lab that is not full of eager scientists working hard in effort to find a cure for some of the millions of illnesses that are present today. There are many disabled children living throughout the world today. In fact, they make up quite a large portion of the world.From mental illnesses, to physical disabilities, there are thousands  of different types of diseases that strike newborns and children every day. Causes attributed to such illnesses can be anything from hereditary reasons to environmental. Fortunately, we have our magnificent scientists striving to help these children. In August of 2000, scientists began developing brain cell transplants to treat the damage caused by a stroke. The procedure appeared to benefit some patients. What this means is that their is, in fac t hope for children with mental disabilities, because a stroke causes mild to sever brain damage.Rehabilitation plays an important role once the brain cell transplants have taken place. And, not all patients will show signs of improvements. This is an ongoing study that is still being worked on and has much room for improvement. In the laboratory, scientists have actually developed a process which uses several to transform cells called LBS-neurons into mature brain cells or neurons. The regular LBS-neurons originate from human tumor tissue composed of embryonic like cells. This is a long way from looking through a magnifying glass!

National Industrial Conference Board

This paper will present a short biography of Alan Greenspan and a discussion of his career as US Federal Reserve Chairman. The paper will look into the ways Greenspan improved the American economy. His policies were a subject of heated debate both inside the U.S. and internationally, therefore this paper will also provide a short account of various criticisms of Greenspan’s initiatives.Starting with a short biography of this exceptional public figure, Alan Greenspan was born in 1926, in New York City. From early teens he was fascinated by the world of music and therefore enrolled in the Juilliard School of dance, drama and music after his graduation from high school. However, he left the school to travel with Henry Jerome and His Orchestra and perform as a tenor, saxophone and clarinet player.It lasted for about a year, and in 1944 Greenspan enrolled in New York University’s school of commerce. He graduated from the school with a Master of Arts degree in 1950. At the sa me time, Alan started studying at Columbia University at the graduate level, yet he also began working at the National Industrial Conference Board, which caused him to discontinue his studies at Columbia University.The following year Greenspan met artist Joan Mitchell, and one more year after that they married, yet the marriage only lasted for ten months.In 1954, Greenspan established Townsend-Greenspan and company together with bond trader William Townsend. He was the Chairman and president of this economic consulting firm from 1954 to 1974. Starting in 1967, Greenspan stared engaging in politics. Under the Nixon administration, he was the director of domestic policy research. He refused an offer to work permanently in the administration, but went on advising Nixon informally, working simultaneously for the Townsend-Greenspan and company (InvestingValue, 2005).In the years 1974 to 1977, Greenspan was the Chairman of the President's Council of Economic Advisers, yet in 1977 he went back to the Townsend-Greenspan and company. The same year he received a Ph.D. degree from New York University.In the years 1981 to 1983, Greenspan held the position of the Chairman of the National Commission on Social Security Reform. He is often lauded for preventing the bankruptcy of the social security system while he was occupying that post (InvestingValue, 2005).In 1987, Greenspan was nominated the chairman of the Federal Reserve Board and served as such for five consecutive terms.Townsend-Greenspan and company was closed, since Alan did not succeed in finding a buyer for it. Before Greenspan became the chairman of the Federal Reserve Board, he served as a corporate director for Aluminum Company of America, Capital Cities/ABC, General Foods, J.P. Morgan & Co, Morgan Guaranty Trust Company of New York, Mobil Corporation; and The Pittston Company, as well as a Member of the Board of Trustees for the Rand Corporation, Director of the Institute for International Economics, Member o f the Board of Overseers, Hoover Institution and Vice Chairman and Trustee for the Economic Club of New York. In 1997, Greenspan married Andrea Mitchell, an NBC’s journalist, after twelve years of dating her.After his retirement from the Federal Reserve Board in 2006, he provides consulting services through his company, Greenspan Associates LLC (InvestingValue, 2005).As concerns Greenspan’s economic philosophy, he is known as a committed supporter of Objectivism. He made friends with novelist and philosopher Ayn Rand through Joan Mitchell, and he was significantly influenced by her views. He contributed articles to Objectivist newsletters and authored a number of essays for Rand's 1966 book ‘Capitalism: the Unknown Ideal’ (InvestingValue, 2005).

The Contribution of Academic Institution in Childrens Well-Being

The Contribution of Academic Institution in Childrens Well-Being Hashtag: #makesafehappen Reducing Childhood Deaths through Awareness and Responsiveness The tagline â€Å"The #1 Cause of Childhood Deaths is Preventable Accidents† from #makesafehappen or Make Safe Happen campaign probably touched the heart of many. It is, in fact, encouraging us to act and become responsive and better parents to our children. There are two important issues associated with thousands of childhood deaths: The large majority of parents or about 76% are not aware of the issue of the deadly effect of â€Å"preventable† accidental injuries acquired at home.   The majority of parents or 63% lack the drive to do more about their children’s safety. In short, since the most probable solution to reducing childhood deaths from preventable injuries at home is awareness and enthusiasm of children’s guardian, the job then is to educate and motivate parents. There are many ways to educate parents but the most effective in terms of scope (a home visit is time-consuming strenuous for health workers) and motivation is to conduct parenting classes where parents can come, work together, share each other experiences, get motivated, and learn in one location. You may be interested in: Moral Failure in Academic Institutions The Limits of Academic Freedom The Value of Academic Debate The Scientific Basis for Defining Seasons Is High IQ a Guarantee of Academic Success? The Contribution of Academic Institution in Improving Children’s Well-Being Many are unaware that aside from basic literacy and numerical skills, the academic institution is deeply involved in other matters concerning children and forever contributing to the improvement of children’s well-being. Let us start with the more obvious. The institution gave us the knowledge and skills that we need to meet the requirements of our chosen profession. This profession is now helping us to support the needs of our family, secure our children’s welfare, and others in need. The academic institution is the core of scientific research and producing thousands of scholarly papers aimed to improve children’s well-being. These include research and useful findings associated children’s growth, disease, mental health, parenting and childcare, learning and skills, behavior, nutrition, and more.  Moreover, the findings of these academic papers are reliable and actually used in improving children’s lives for many years. For example, academic researchers on influenza enable the U.S. Centers for Disease Control or CDC to create a strategy to prevent the spread of flu, which is now a common practice of childcare providers and other early childhood care programs. Similarly, the source of United Kingdom’s healthy eating standards and bullying prevention policy for children, are academic case studies and statistical data. The sources used by #makesafehappen or Make Safe Happen are survey results and statistical data collected and analyzed using scientific methods developed by academic intellectuals. For example, the content in their safety tips are jointly developed by two leading children safety oriented organizations that are generally using information from national statistics and scholarly journals such as â€Å"Etiology and Outcome of Pediatric Burns† study of Morrow Smith (1996), â€Å"Tap water scald burns in children† by Feldman et al. (1978), and others. It is quite clear that the actual contributors in children’s wellbeing are academic papers researched and published to improve children’s well-being. Moreover, some of these academic sources were published many years ago and therefore solid evidence of the enduring commitment of the academic institution to children’s well-being.

Civil Service Merit System Essays

Civil Service Merit System Essays Civil Service Merit System Essay Civil Service Merit System Essay At the beginning of the 21st century, civil service requires a qualified staff able to meet social demands and changes. To some extend, effective arrangements for governance within the civil service and between the civil services are fundamental elements of a democratic system of the government. In public administration, there are a range of changes from administrative matters in the way business is conducted in the civil service, to legislative changes that provide greater accountability and openness for the work of the civil service. Today, merit system is one of the main tools which help to ensure effective selection, promoting and appointing of staff. Merit system aims to â€Å"maintain high standards of integrity, conduct, and concern for the public interest† 1. In modern environment, the state merit system regulations, to conform with the standards, bar employees from participating in political activities except to express their views and cast their ballots as citizens. They also are to prohibit disqualification of persons from taking examinations or holding office because of political or religious opinions. State agencies are also required to prepare, adopt, install, and administer classification2 and compensation plans for all positions in the agency, such plans to be based upon investigation 1. Camoes, P. J. , Ruhil, A. What Lies Beneath: The Political Roots of State Merit Systems. Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory, 13 (1), (2003): 27. 2. Merit System Principles. 2007. 04 June 2007 www. nhpa. org/Nine_Merit_Principles. ppt and analysis of the duties and responsibilities of each position. If the state agency wishes, its rules may provide that incumbents of positions at the time of the issuance of the standards may be given preference in the examinations to the extent of a waiver of minimum requirements of education and experience for admission to the examinations, and of retention if they receive a mere passing mark in the examination. The Department of Civil Service develops and proposes the following types of examination under the merit system: â€Å"open-competitive, promotion, transition, and continuous recruitment†. The Federal legislation underlines that vacancies are to be filled whenever practicable by promotion of a qualified permanent employee of the administrative agency upon recommendation by the agency head4. It is stated by the Board that the application of the standards will promote a career service A system of service ratings is to be maintained. Removal of permanent employees may take place only for cause, or for reasons of curtailment of work or lack of funds. In the event of removal permanent employees will have the right of appeal to an impartial body through an established procedure provided for in the merit system. According to standards developed by Career Mobile Office: â€Å"Open-competitive examinations are open to anyone who possesses the minimum qualifications as listed on the examination announcement. Promotion examinations are open to permanently appointed State employees. Transition examinations are open to permanently appointed State employees. Continuous Recruitment examinations may be either open-competitive or promotional† 5. _____________________ 3. â€Å"Employee Services’ 2007. New York State. 04 June 2007 careermobilityoffice. cs. state. ny. us/cmo/merit_system. htm 4. Dresang, Dennis L. Public Personal Management and Public Policy. (Longman. 2001) 193-194. 5. â€Å"Employee Services’ 2007. New York State. 04 June 2007 careermobilityoffice. cs. state. ny. us/cmo/merit_system. htm In many of the states, however, the general charge to set standards has resulted in plans at least for the development of a merit system of selection and in a few instances such systems have been adopted and examinations given. In some cases departments concerned see the need to establish such a system and are willing to begin, but have no money to finance examinations. The degree to which a state merit plan affecting public assistance personnel carries beyond the state staff depends upon a number of factors; the pattern is a different one for each state6. Among the determinants are the extent to which a state civil service law affects counties and cities; and to what extent and in relation to what factors state public assistance departments control local programs. Certain more or less autonomous local public assistance departments may come under a merit plan independently of the state situation if the county or municipality concerned has a local civil service commission which selects personnel in some or in all branches of local government 7. The influence of the local labor union within the relief agency, and of the more powerful parent groups behind it with which it is affiliated, has been a strong new force in advancing the spread of civil service coverage in certain jurisdictions.

How to Write an Essay on Philosophy of Life

How to Write an Essay on Philosophy of Life Philosophy of Life General guidelines for composing a philosophy essay on ‘Philosophy of Life’ How to start writing How to create an outline How to write a thesis for a philosophy essay on ‘Philosophy of Life’ How to write an introduction Tips on how to write an introduction and thesis How to write body paragraphs Tips on body writing How to conclude Tips on conclusion writing Paper revision Philosophy of Life (Essay sample) General guidelines for composing a philosophy essay on ‘Philosophy of Life’ The philosophy of life encompasses a general view of or an approach to life as well as the purpose of life. Philosophers explain life in different features that include how human naturally feel, think, and act. Also, one can explain that as anything that makes life meaningful such as creating a moral character and making achievements is essential for explaining the meaning of life. How to start writing The purpose of writing your essay on Philosophy of Life is for one to explore the life choices as well as directions that widens the chances of living an inspired life. Therefore, while starting the essay writing, the writer has to ensure that he/she has carefully read the relevant information relating to the topic. Also, since the writer wants to ensure that everything in the paper is relevant to the topic, one has to focus on the important elements of life and also ask yourself questions like, what guides the decisions and actions you take and how do you approach the way you live your life? How to create an outline Before the writer starts writing, one requires to have a plan for the essay; this includes organizing ones thoughts as well as the arguments. A good paper outline helps the writer to conduct research and write the paper efficiently. Therefore, one is required to thinks about how to explain various terms, the position to present your argument or criticism. For instance, a good outline contains introduction and thesis statement, major arguments as well as support for your main points and a conclusion. How to write a thesis for a philosophy essay on ‘Philosophy of Life’ While writing the essay, one is required to have the main point, main idea and the argument you develop to reflect your main idea. However, the sentences that hold the main idea are referred to a thesis statement. Thesis statement presents the topic of the essay and also explains to your reader about the main point of your paper. However, the writer should read the main sources, and figure out the main thesis points to create a working thesis. To develop an effective thesis, one should avoid placing thesis statement late in the paper, avoid unclear words and also clearly indicate the point of your paper. How to write an introduction The first impressions of a philosophical essay are very important because, without an eye-catching introduction, your writing will be flat. However, when writing the introduction, the writer should introduce the essay with a broad statement of what the reader should expect in ones essay. Also, one should provide significant background but not the main argument and persuade your reader that the paper is worth reading. Tips on how to write an introduction and thesis Developing a good introduction as well as thesis statement sometimes is the hardest part of an essay writing. Writing the beginning is ones chance to get your readers attention by expressing your creativity. However, the first paragraph should explain your topic and the originality of thesis statement. To develop an efficient introduction and thesis statement, one should first understand the main purpose of the introductory paragraph which includes understanding general information the writer requires to make the essay. Also, one requires utilizing strategies that attract your audiences attention for instance by sharing a personalized story. The writer should also understand the main purpose of thesis statement which creates a focus for ones paper. Furthermore, a thesis statement should be placed at the end of your introduction paragraph explaining the main idea of your essay. Finally, one should avoid using the common introductory method like, ‘In this paper, I will†¦.. How to write body paragraphs The body paragraphs present the writers main points and also contains ones textual argument and evidence. Every main point you stated in your outline becomes a body paragraph. However, the writer should correctly format the body paragraphs and have clear transitions. Tips on body writing To create efficient body paragraphs, one should start by pointing out the main ideas in form of sentences. Next, the writer should write down the elaboration of the main points which includes description and discussion. Also, the writer should present philosophical evidence to support the main idea. The body paragraphs should also contain transitions to help your reader get cues of your flow. Examples of transitional words are afterward, likewise, however, nearby and accordingly among others. Finally, the writer should avoid plagiarism. To explain this, one should present body paragraphs that are well paraphrased and quoted without copying many of your ideas from other sources. How to conclude Sometimes writing the conclusion can be hard because one feels that there is nothing left to say. The writer can conclude the essay with a brief summary that includes the main points of the paper. One can also leave a final impression on the reader by giving new suggestions. Tips on conclusion writing A good conclusion can be created by resonating the introduction. Challenging your readers. Looking forward to the future. Paper revision After completing your essay, as a writer, it is important to review and reread your word. This can be done by using grammar check to review your spelling and spacing before you turn in your work. Also, one should keep the papers format simple for instance, double spacing, justified left and use Times New Romans font. Finally, you can read your essay loud or give your peer to review your work before you submit. Philosophy of Life (Philosophy Essay Sample) A philosophy of life can be referred to the practical philosophy that helps people transform the image of their thoughts. Everyone views the world in different ways and have different beliefs of how other people should conduct themselves. Some people might consider honesty, tolerance, and loyalty to be the most vital aspects that reflect a good person, although the ability for oneself to be optimistic is the most significant trait. Moreover, a smile and sense of humor are also very important. However, I believe that being positive in life is always looking at the brighter side in a bad situation which is one of the keys to happiness. Therefore, a practical philosophy of life attempts to strengthen our relationship with day-to-day life. The purpose of this essay is to explain how philosophy contributes to everyones daily living. In day-to-day life, we live in our mind, and our existence brings the life to a physical reality. However, philosophy does not stay within our minds, but our beliefs and morals are passed from the mind to physical reality. This is the life we have, and no one owns his or her life, it just passes through our physical body. Sometimes, you can get a hold on some aspects of life, and pass them to someone else life and to do so, everyone has to pay much attention to life. Our minds control our taste of living where the philosophy for day-to-day life objects to try life in all its riches. This is one way of people trying to engage with life in a positive way, trying to bring ones thought and ideas into physical reality and converting ones dream to something perceptible. Having a positive thought about life does not mean imposing judgment on the past lived experience, but it means being transformed and seeing what is in your transformed into real life. A philosophy of daily life contributes to people taking life in different perspectives. This means that, if one has not tasted all the riches of life, he or she tends to adhere to various ideals or norms without the honor of your own perception and experience. This makes life become like an image or imitation of a convincing ideal. An imitation is a copy of something real, therefore, when life becomes an imitation, we lose its contact. For example, having new friends is very important, but, choosing right the one who will not stab your back is more important. However, the philosophy of our daily life helps us to overcome seductive beliefs and situations that its reality is unchangeable. The point of philosophy here is to our decisions concrete instead of abstract. One does not have to think or talk about anything if he or she does not think of the negativity or positivity of it. The philosophy of life varies depending on each persons life experience and therefore everyone has a different view of the world as well as different beliefs. Similarly, this applies in day-to-day life where it is through our self-awareness that we become more proficient to experience what hinders us from becoming something else. However, philosophy of life guides us to be real, not actual.

Respond to classmate Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Respond to classmate - Essay Example Indeed as Brandi Barnes puts it, his college education paid for by his employer has not only increased his capacity to perform in private undertakings, but has also helped a great deal in increasing the employers’ general work performance [output]. It is evident from the information gleaned from the two articles that the outcome of an individual employee’s performance is but the result of numerous factors that include inert as well as acquired. To perform is, however, far much part from optimal performance. It takes a well-developed culture; a culture that enables individual employees to interact and share information; a culture that balances the individual interests with that of the organization; a culture that provides resources to enable things get done; and a culture that incentivizes employees, to achieve optimal performance, which, by modern standards, is very much sensitive to time. Quite frankly, it is the culture within an organization that confers the very necessary competitive advantage in modern day business world. That very culture should, however, be modeled in such a way that it does not overburden profit; for this is the sole reason why businesses are set

Royal national lifeboat institute Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Royal national lifeboat institute - Case Study Example The name was subsequently changed to the Royal National Lifeboat Institution in 1854, when cork lifejackets were first issued to crew members. Since its inception, the RNLI has saved more than 139,000 lives , the proof of which are the innumerable stories of courage of sailors and volunteers who have stood the social and technological change over a period of time. The purpose, vision and values of RNLI clearly define their activities i.e. Purpose is â€Å"saving lives at sea†, Vision is to â€Å"end preventable loss at sea† and the Values are â€Å"selfless, dependable, trustworthy and courageous†. Their philosophy is not to seek funding from the government but the lifesaving service is provided by volunteers, and the organization is supported by contributions, donations and legacies on a purely voluntary basis. The entire operation is performed through local teams but with resources and directions from a central location. They have gained expertise through the h istory and tradition of the RNLI’s achievement of almost two centuries. The whole objective is to carry out preservation of life at sea and on the water, primarily by prevention and rescue operations. Introduction This report is a case study of Royal National Lifeboat Institute. ... It was founded by Sir William Henry on 4th March 1824. It was started with the name of National Institute for the Preservation of Life from Ship wrecks; after thirty years it was named Royal National Lifeboat Institute (RNLI). The idea of this Institute came up in his mind when he was on the Isle of Man and had witnessed the treacherous nature of the sea causing dozens of accidents of ships. So he decided to save their lives and then at his appeal, this charity was founded. In 1854, lifejackets were issued to the crew first time. In 1891, the first street collection was held at Manchester. This charity is established with the purpose of saving lives at sea. Its vision is to end preventable loss of life at sea. They all are dedicated towards their vision. They work together like a team to come up with the situation. Till now RNLI has saved more than 139000 lives. Now it has 444 lifeboats and 235 lifeboat stations. For saving lives, it has two main categories of lifeboats:- All weather boats: Weight of large boats is more than 40 metric tons, 1250hp engines, its speed is 25knots and its cost is around ?2 millions. Inshore lifeboats: These are small boats which work at the shores and are able to operate in shallow waters. It has different types of lifeboats for different places. When any incident occurs at the sea, then firstly it gets all the detail about the incident from the coastguard and then the crew can plot a course to the casualty. After arriving at the scene, they tell about their arrival to the coastguard and after that they assess the situation and take up the further steps. If possible they had a talk With the casualty and provide them reassurance.

Latin American Civilization Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Latin American Civilization - Essay Example The staple corn can be pounded into tortillas, taco shells or any desired shape. Beans, rice, and squash also serve as dietary staples. Avocado dip and other moles, or sauces, are popular for dipping tortilla chips. Tequila, in all its various grades, is an internationally popular drink and Cinco de Mayo festivals are becoming prominent fixtures in Mexican restaurants the world over. The Virgin of Guadalupe, whose main house of worship is the Basilica of Guadalupe, serves the Mexican people on multiple layers. Her repeated appearances in 1531 to Juan Diego led to the consecration of the holy mother and her eventual title of Patroness of the Americas conferred upon her by Pope John Paul II. She is a savior particularly to women, but serves all those in need. In 1810, rebels called upon her guardianship in their battle again Spanish colonists. She has long been considered an integral symbol of Mexican religious, national, and political identity. The fiery painter, Frida Khalo (1907-1954), lived a short but brilliant life. When a teenager, she survived a harrowing bus accident that left her with internal damage and chronic pain. However, Frida’s unique painting fused events from her life with indigenous earth mother imagery. The painting at right, titled The Love Embrace of the Universe,the Earth (Mexico), Me, Diego, Mr. Xolotl, depicts such a concept showing a green clay goddess enveloping Frida, wearing a long traditional red skirt with a white fringe, holding a babe-like Rivera. This magical world rests in the penumbras between light and dark in the transformative cycle of birth and death. Chile’s national flag expresses deep historical significance. The star in the blue sky acts as a shining beacon to guide her people in honorable progress. The white represents the snow-capped Andes while the red represents the blood of the martyrs in the

Mobile Devices & Applications Lab Report Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Mobile Devices & Applications - Lab Report Example ristics including unpredictable values and adoption rate uncertainties, network effect uncertainties, as well as unobvious cost and impact characteristics. We expect mobile computing technologies to exhibit the same characteristics. This paper explores the status of mobile development and emerging standards. In particular, we examine mobile design and HCI techniques, 4 Generation technologies, the concept of mobile sensors and technology utilization, as well as trends on mobile applications and possible future directions in their development. The main objective is to identify discernable trends in mobile computing technologies and develop insights on how Emerging Technology Group can promote mobile development projects run by ECC-Mobile Ltd using established development techniques and methodologies. Human-commuter interaction (HCI) designs aims to develop creative interactions that maximize user experience. Creating interactive HCI for mobile devices is an open problem attempting to create powerful mobile computing services and resources via small interfaces. The main challenges in designing HCI for mobile devices relate to both hardware and software challenges. Hardware challenges relate to the limitations in size and weight of mobile devices in consideration of portability purpose of such devices (Huang, 2009). Challenges for hardware interaction design for mobile devices include the problem of limited input facilities, limited output features and designing for mobility (Huang, 2009). Currently, mobile devices use three primary input facilities: keyboard, touch screen stylus, and scroll wheel. The challenge with mobile device keyboards emanates from the limited space for key installation. While stylus and touch screen are good alternatives in smartphones, if the screen is small users’ finger can occlude graphical phone elements. Lastly, scroll wheel provides a suitable solution to the problem of input facilities in smartphones (Huang, 2009). Software

Singapore Airlines Case Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Singapore Airlines Case - Essay Example The management came up with a policy of recruiting young people between the ages of 20 – 25 who had completed high school level and had â€Å"O levels in English†. Young crew policy had some advantages. Young crew who were recruited was most likely to depict some sense of enthusiasm and keenness in their work. In addition, they were fit physically to manage the demanding job and to meet the thorough schedule. Furthermore, it was believed that most of the passengers enjoyed being served and attended by young and attractive men and women. Another implication of using young crew policy was that it reduced the substantial size of the applicant pool. This was because young people had the opportunity of studying in the university or getting other kinds of education thus reducing the number of desirable school leavers. The policy also provided opportunities for ensuring that the crew remained young by offering the five-year renewable contract to the crew. This policy also offered a career path and a possibility of a lifetime employment contract to the stewards. Those who were recruited were given six-week training before being considered as qualified operational crew. The training covered such areas as personal grooming, poise, uniform care and also personal conduct. Practical lessons commenced by learning the names and purposes of all the available amenities available on the airline board. Other lessons dealt with various types of service ware, glasses, dishes and other food serving items that might be used by the crew. Recruits were also taught of names and procedures for various drinks and dozens of food items served by the SIA. The training also covered some classes on how to handle emergencies and incidents on board. The performance of the crew was formally evaluated through staff interviews and also based on comments from the passengers. The performance report was based on three evaluations.  First, flight stewards were appraised by senior flight stewards and stewardesses working on the same flight.

Mobile Devices & Applications Lab Report Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Mobile Devices & Applications - Lab Report Example ristics including unpredictable values and adoption rate uncertainties, network effect uncertainties, as well as unobvious cost and impact characteristics. We expect mobile computing technologies to exhibit the same characteristics. This paper explores the status of mobile development and emerging standards. In particular, we examine mobile design and HCI techniques, 4 Generation technologies, the concept of mobile sensors and technology utilization, as well as trends on mobile applications and possible future directions in their development. The main objective is to identify discernable trends in mobile computing technologies and develop insights on how Emerging Technology Group can promote mobile development projects run by ECC-Mobile Ltd using established development techniques and methodologies. Human-commuter interaction (HCI) designs aims to develop creative interactions that maximize user experience. Creating interactive HCI for mobile devices is an open problem attempting to create powerful mobile computing services and resources via small interfaces. The main challenges in designing HCI for mobile devices relate to both hardware and software challenges. Hardware challenges relate to the limitations in size and weight of mobile devices in consideration of portability purpose of such devices (Huang, 2009). Challenges for hardware interaction design for mobile devices include the problem of limited input facilities, limited output features and designing for mobility (Huang, 2009). Currently, mobile devices use three primary input facilities: keyboard, touch screen stylus, and scroll wheel. The challenge with mobile device keyboards emanates from the limited space for key installation. While stylus and touch screen are good alternatives in smartphones, if the screen is small users’ finger can occlude graphical phone elements. Lastly, scroll wheel provides a suitable solution to the problem of input facilities in smartphones (Huang, 2009). Software

WHAT HAVE BEEN THE MOST SIGNIFICANT CHANGES IN GENDER AND SEXUALITY Essay

WHAT HAVE BEEN THE MOST SIGNIFICANT CHANGES IN GENDER AND SEXUALITY OVER THE PAST TWENTY YEARS USE EXAMPLES TO ILLUSTRATE YOU ANSWER - Essay Example Wireless Networking, Broadband and WIKIs are all new terms brought about by the changes, and they add to peoples ability to communicate with each other on a global basis. Internet connections connect us with any type of research we can imagine within seconds. We also have the ability to freely conduct business, get an education or network with others, via these connections. "†¦is the defining trend of the world. Its driven by clearly identifiable, political, economic and technological changes that have removed barriers of contact across national borders†¦" (2004, p. 35). In the last twenty years, people have gained many things through the use of technology. They have been exposed to advertisements touting beautiful women and men with expensive cars and lifestyles. Life was once simple. Women didnt try as hard to look like models and "gender bending" meant something different than it does now. Because of this, people are obsessed with body image. They can change every aspect of the body through a variety of methods. Plastic surgery is now routine, fat goes away with liposuction, silicone implants increase breast size. These treatments were once hidden by those who were doing it, but now its become common place. Before technology, and up until the last few years, everyone wanted to look younger. This was emphasized through the media and created new diseases like anorexia and bulimia. However, as Baby Boomers age, they are more into looking good and showing their real selves. Although there is still a strong market for anti-aging products like wrinkle creams, the Dove Pro-age campaign created products, advertising and billboards geared towards real women and helped older women accept that though they were growing older, they werent ugly. Sex has changed since the late 1980s when HIV/AIDS came into global importance. People all over the world had to talk about sex more openly and had to redefine how they did sex. Altman states, "AIDS is both a

The Compound Pendulum Essay Example for Free

The Compound Pendulum Essay Over here, I will be exploring the different ways in which love is portrayed by authors in their texts. We see love as being supportive in â€Å"Macbeth† and â€Å"The Song Of The Old Mother. † As we progress, we also see love between individuals as being disturbed. We see this in â€Å"My Last Duchess† and â€Å"Porphyria’s lover,† as the speakers in the following poems are very possessive, but the way they treat their partners is very disturbing. In many texts the authors portray love as being supportive and we see many examples of this in â€Å"Macbeth,† by William Shakespeare and in â€Å"The Song of the Old Mother,† by William Butler Yeats. The only major difference between these two is the supportive love is shown in two different relationships: in Macbeth it is shown between a husband and wife relationship and in the Song of the Old Mother it is shown in a parent child relationship. Macbeth is a play written by the famous William Shakespeare in 1606, during the early reign of James I. James I originally was from Scotland but had just become the king of England and was a patron Shakespeare’s acting company, The King’s Men. In Macbeth, the relationship between Macbeth and Lady Macbeth is a very close. They both love each other very much and we get to know this in Macbeths letter to Lady Macbeth, where he calls her his â€Å"dearest partner of greatness. † They love each other a lot and we constantly see Lady Macbeth supporting and leading Macbeth in many different occasions. We see her being concerned about his future a lot as she wants the best for him even by using the evil means, for example the murder of King Duncan. We also see that she also knows Macbeth’s nature very well. We see this right after Lady Macbeth reads the letter from Macbeth about the prophecies made upon the heath, she said: â€Å"Yet I do fear thy nature: it is too full o’ the milk of human kindness to catch the nearest way. † Shakespeare uses metaphors to show that Macbeth is pure; the metaphor â€Å"full o’ the milk of human kindness† tells us the Macbeth’s heart is white and pure like milk suggesting that he is very pure and generous. The phrase â€Å"to catch the nearest way† tells us that Macbeth is an honourable man and likes to earn his titles instead of taking short criminal ways. Over here Lady Macbeth is referring to the murder of Duncan about which Macbeth was really unsure about, however in the end he was convinced by Lady Macbeth. Some readers might think that Lady Macbeth is eager to see her husband as the king and wants it to happen as soon as possible even if he has to use wrong methods of earning better future. However others might think that Lady Macbeth is thinking about herself as she wants to get her hands on the fame and fortune more quickly. She knows that very well that Macbeth will need her support in order to betray others and get the best. Before Macbeth has reached his castle she starts thinking of ways in which she can convince him. Then She found the perfect solution to her problem in which she will use the power of her tongue to convince him. She said: â€Å"Hie thee hither that I may pour my spirits in thine ear and chastise with the valour of my tongue all the impedes thee from the golden round. † Over here she decides to use the power of her tongue to clear all of Macbeth’s doubts. The phrase â€Å"pour my spirits in thine ear† suggests that she will inspire him with her passion and her brave words will clear all the hesitations that he has. The phrase â€Å"chastise with the valour of my tongue† shows that she will tell him off for having any doubts. Now Shakespeare here uses a very powerful verb â€Å"chastise,† this verb is very harsh and is used by parents to tell their child off for being extremely naughty. This shows the dominance of Lady Macbeth over Macbeth, which is the total opposite of how husband and wife relationships were in the Elizabethan era. The phrase â€Å"impedes thee from the golden round† over here Lady Macbeth refers to the crown as the â€Å"golden round,† to emphasize its importance. Overall this phrase suggests that Lady Macbeth will help Macbeth overcome all the obstacles which are in his way. Over here the argument is the same as before, some will think that she is doing this for the welfare of Macbeth, while others will say she is doing it for fame and titles. Much later on in the play, after Duncan’s murder Macbeth started hallucinating and brought the daggers with him. When Lady Macbeth orders him to put them back and smear the servants, he refuses as he was too afraid to go. So Lady Macbeth takes on the job and comes backs and gets Macbeth to wash his hand, at that point she insults him of being a coward. She said: â€Å"My hands are of your colour: but I shame to wear a heart so white† Lady Macbeth insults Macbeth by saying â€Å"a heart so white,† suggesting that she is saying that he was a coward and can’t handle a little blood. She then says â€Å"hands are of your colour,† suggesting that is supporting him She means to say that she is his accomplice in the crime. She might have said this due the condition he was in. Over all the argument for all these quotes above are the same as some think she did all this for Macbeth, while others suggest she did this for herself. Now comes â€Å"The Song Of The Old Mother,† in which the poet shows love in a supportive manner in a parent child relationship. This poem is written by William Butler Yeats, who was born in Ireland in 1865. He was really fascinated by Irish history and culture. And this poem that he wrote in 1899 reflects his interest in the Irish peasantry.

No Universally Agreed Definition Of Corporate Social Responsibility Management Essay

No Universally Agreed Definition Of Corporate Social Responsibility Management Essay With no universally agreed definition of Corporate Social Responsibility, myriad of terms Corporate accountability, Corporate sustainability, Corporate citizenship or Sustainable responsible business have been used interchangeably to describe the practice of CSR. Basically, CSR is a discharge of duty towards society. Business and society are interrelated rather than being distinct entities and therefore, society has certain expectations for appropriate business behaviour and outcomes (Wood, 1991). According to Mallen Baker (2004), CSR is about how companies manage business operations to produce positive impact on society. Consequently, companies need to account for the quality of their management (both in terms of people and process) and the nature of and quantity of their impact on society in various areas.1 In the 1950s, Howard Bowen first published a seminal book Social responsibilities of businessman in which he famously posed the question What responsibilities to society may businessman reasonably be expected to assume. This publication evidently marked the beginning of a modern era of CSR as it we know it today (Carroll, 1999). Since then, the notion of CSR has come to dominate the society-business interface and various theories and concepts have been proposed. According to Bowen (1953), social responsibilities refer to the obligation of businessman to pursue those policies, to make those decisions, or to follow those lines of action which are desirable in terms of objectives and values of our society. The most applied definition of CSR comes from Archie Carroll (1979) who argues that the social responsibility of business encompasses economic, legal, ethical and discretionary expectations that society has of organisations at a given point in time. This approach encompasses a whole range of responsibilities of a firm. In the same vein, Lichtenstein et al. (2004) and Lindgreen et al. (2008) consider that an organisation needs to define its role within the society and implement the necessary ethical, responsible, legal and social standards to their firm. Conversely, GÓssling and Vocht (2007) described CSR from a different viewpoint as an obligation of the business world to be accountable to its entire stakeholder customers, employees, shareholders, communities and ecological consideration in all aspects of their operations (Gokulsing, 2001). 2.1.1 Corporate Social Responsibility Corporate Social Performance The current globalisation trend and growing demand from stakeholders towards companies to adopt CSR practices within their business strategy have indeed encouraged companies involvement in such practices (Chapple and Moon, 2005). Therefore, companies that are considered as socially responsible are experiencing triple bottom line benefits associated with such social initiatives. Additionally, companies are not only assessed via traditional performance indicators but also by the way they interact with broad set of social demands. However, CSR being impossible to measure (Van Beurden Gossling, 2008), an observable and measurable outcome of CSR term Corporate Social Performance (CSP) is used to capture the performance of CSR strategies within the society. Carroll (1979) vaguely defines CSP construct as a three dimensional model that consisted of social responsibility categories, social issues and philosophies of social responsiveness. Building on Carrolls attempt to define CSP, Wartick and Cochran (1985) offer a general framework of CSP by defining CSP model as the underlying interaction among the principle of social responsibility, the process of social responsiveness and the policies developed to address social issues and show how several competing perspectives (economic responsibility, public responsibility, social responsiveness) can be incorporated into his framework. Nevertheless, Wood (1991) argues that although Wartick and Cochran (1985) model is innovative, it is still incomplete. Wood (1991) asserts that the term performance relates to actions and outcomes and not interaction and integration. Consequently, Wood (1991) refine Wartick and Cochrans (1985) model to integrate various theoretical perspectives into a coherent CSP model and as such, he defines CSP as a business organisations configuration of principles of social responsibility, process of social responsiveness and policies, programs and observable outcomes as they relate to the firms societal relationships. Wood (1991) affirms that the principles of social responsibility operates at three levels specifically; institutional, organizational and individuals. Conversely, Gond and Crane (2010) define CSP as an umbrella concept which includes organisational process of environmental assessment, stakeholder management and various measures of its external output and societal manifestations (Orlitzky, 2008). 2.1.2 Forms of CSR initiatives Basically, CSR includes a variety of socially responsible activities. Kotler and Lee (2005) identified six major initiatives under which most CSR related activities fall generating a positive impact on the company. The six different forms of CSR initiatives are as follows: 2.1.3 Main approaches of CSR In response to the question to whom an organisation has a responsibility, Marrewijk (2003) presents a sequence review of three corporate responsibility approaches Shareholder approach, Stakeholder approach and Societal approach. 2.1.4 Factors influencing level of CSR activities Review of prior literature indicates that companies actually differ in how they implement their CSR strategies. This can normally be explained using a range of company level attributes that influence the companys CSR participation. These attributes entail: Company size Waddock and Graves (1997) and Itkonen (2003) provide that company size is related to CSP since bigger companies have been found to be more socially responsible than smaller ones. Type of industry McGuire et al. (2003) argues that the type of industry plays an important role in identifying the level of CSR activities. For instance, the CSR activities differ from manufacturing sector to service sector (Kolk, 2003). Financial risk Orlitzky and Benjamin (2001) assert that a company with low CSP shall consider and manage its social responsibility since such a company will have an adverse impact in terms of risk. 2.1.5 Social Responsibility Models The Pyramid of CSR The professor Archie Carroll is one of the first academics to make a distinction between different kinds of organisational responsibilities. This distinction is referred to as a firms pyramid of Corporate Social Responsibility. The pyramid implies a hierarchy of responsibilities moving from economic and legal through more socially oriented ones of ethical and philanthropic responsibilities (Carroll, 1979; 1991). http://www.witszen.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/02/carrollCSR.jpg Source: (http://www.witszen.com/how-companies-should-use-social-media-for-better-corporate-social-responsibility/) Economic Responsibilities Carroll (1979) argues that business institutions are basic economic unit in society and have a responsibility that is economic in nature or kind. The economic responsibility is the most fundamental responsibility of a company which reflects the essence of a company as a profit-making business organisation. The remaining three kinds of social responsibility are based on the economic responsibilities. The economic responsibility implies that society expects business to produce those goods and services demanded and make a profit as an incentive or reward for the business efficiency and effectiveness. Legal Responsibilities The legal responsibilities entail expectations of legal compliance and playing the rules of the games. From this perspective, society expects business to fulfill its economic mission within the framework set forth by the societys legal system (Jamali, 2008). Crane and Matten (2004) further adds that all companies attempting to be socially responsible are required to follow the law. Ethical Responsibilities According to Schwartz (2011), the ethical responsibilities embody those standards, norms or expectations that reflect a concern for what consumers, employees, shareholders and the community regards as fair, just or in keeping with the respect or protection of stakeholders moral rights. Therefore, society expects corporations to act ethically towards its stakeholders (Crane and Matten, 2004). Philanthropic Responsibilities These responsibilities which represents the smallest layer of the pyramid, involves the corporations willingness to enhance the quality of living of their stakeholders through charitable donations and organisational support that are entirely voluntary and seen as desirable by society. The philanthropic responsibilities are sometimes on the same level as ethical. However, the difference is that it is not seen as unethical behaviour if business does not contribute their money to humanitarian programmes (Carroll, 1991). Carrolls CSR Pyramid in Developing Countries In a review of CSR in developing countries, Visser (2006) bases himself on the empirical studies undertaken by Pinkston and Carroll (1994), Edmondson and Carroll (1999) and Burton et al. (2000) to underline the fact that culture may have an important influence on perceived CSR priorities. As such, the widely accepted Carrolls pyramid is revisited in the context of developing countries as shown below: Source: Visser, W. (2006)  Revisiting Carrolls CSR Pyramid: An African Perspective, In E.R. Pedersen M. Huniche (eds.),  Corporate Citizenship in Developing Countries, Copenhagen: Copenhagen Business School Press Visser (2006) contends that the order of CSR layers in developing countries taken as relative emphasis assigned to various responsibilities differs from Carrolls classic pyramid. Hence, in developing countries, even if economic responsibilities still get the most emphasis, philanthropy is given the second highest priority followed by legal and then ethical responsibilities. This is explained partly by the traditional attachment to philanthropy by the fact that it is most direct way to improve living conditions in their immediate surroundings and also by a traditional culture of fatalism, dependence and assistance in developing countries (Ragodoo, 2009). Conversely, the pressure to comply with existing legislation is less as compared to the developed countries. Three Domain Model of CSR Schwartz and Carroll (2003) highlight certain limitations in Carrolls CSR pyramid. Firstly, the pyramid suggests a hierarchy of CSR domains whereby one may conclude that the domain at the top is more important than the domain at the base. This is clearly not the kind of CSR priorities that Carroll intended in his CSR pyramid. Secondly, the pyramid framework cannot fully capture the overlapping nature of CSR domains. Hence, extrapolating from Carrolls model, Schwartz and Carroll (2003) proposed an alternative approach to conceptualise CSR a three-domain model. The three-domain model is presented with three core domains of economic, legal and ethical responsibilities that are depicted in a venn model framework. Initially, it suggests that none of the CSR domains is prima facie more important or significant relative to the others. The venn model framework actually yields seven CSR categories from an overlap of the three core domains. However, the exception with this model is that the philanthropic category, if exist, is subsumed under the ethical and/or economic domains. The figure below illustrates the venn model framework originated from Schwartz and Carroll (2003) research: Source: Management for Social Enterprise, Bob Doherty,  George Foster,  Chris Mason,  John Meehan,  Karon Meehan,  Neil Rotheroe,  Maureen Royce 2.2 CSR Reporting Based on their research on CSR disclosure, Holder-Webb et al. (2009) assert that it is not enough for corporations to simply engage in CSR activities but it is also important and desirable to make information about these activities available to stakeholders. Additionally, the call for disclosure of non-financial information has grown in response to the awareness that financial statement omits salient information about the company (Adams et al. 2011). The financial statement actually portrays a limited picture of the company through providing merely financial metrics. Therefore, the relevance of non-financial information has increased markedly over the years. The emergence of non-financial reporting can be seen as an attempt to increase transparency with respect to corporate actions concerning social and environmental issues (Nielsen Thomsen, 2007). Further, it is acknowledged that the disclosure of non-financial information is essential to reduce information asymmetry that exists be tween management and key stakeholders (Narayanan et al. 2000) as well as to allow investors to better assess key areas of performance and support a broader view of corporate performance that encompasses society at large (Holder-Webb et al. 2009). 2.2.1 Motivation for CSR Reporting Along with the increased interest to engage in CSR activities, today corporations across the world are more voluntarily disclosing information about their CSR performance. Undeniably, numerous motivational bases can explain companies involvement in CSR reporting practices. Threat to the organisations legitimacy The legitimacy theory posits that there is a social contract between companies and the society in which they operate (Deegan 2002; Mathew 1993; Patten 1992). Therefore, corporation try to legitimise their corporate actions by engaging in CSR reporting to get the approval from society and thus, ensuring their continuing existence (Belal, 2008). Increase access to capital and shareholder value Roberts (1992) assert that one way that firms consider CSR disclosure is to increase access to capital and shareholder value by satisfying stakeholders expectation. Investors are choosing to invest in organisation that is demonstrating a high level of CSR (Baron, 2008). Enhance corporate reputation Branco and Rodrigues (2008) argue that CSR disclosure (CSRD) is an important mechanism to enhance the effect of CSR on corporate reputation as well as representing a signal of improved social and environmental conduct. In their research on CSRD and corporate reputation, Bayoud et al. (2012) confirms that a high level of CSRD is strongly associated with corporate reputation for stakeholder group. Risk Management According to Kytle et al. (2005), reporting practices have become a key management tool to the growing complexity to multinational business management. He further argues that reporting helps to integrate CSR activities into companies strategic risk management so that the impact of CSR activities can be maximised. Employee attraction, motivation and retention Waddock et al (2002) argue that employees perceptions about how a corporation accepts and manages its responsibilities are often part of the employees decision about where to work. Therefore, publication of sustainability related information can play a role of positioning a company as an employer of choice and as such, this status can enhance loyalty, reduce staff turnover and increase a companys ability to attract and retain high quality employees (Group of 100 KPMG, 2008). Financial performance Margolis and Walsh (2003) claim that corporations engagement in CSR activities and its disclosure can foster corporate performance and as such their research conclude a positive relationship between CSR performance and financial performance. Similarly, Balbanis, Philips and Lyall (1998) find that economic performance is related to both CSR performance and disclosure although having a weak relationship and lack of overall consistency. 2.3 Theories on CSR Various theories have been used over the years to demonstrate the behavior of economic units related to CSR issues. The relevant theories are: Agency theory Proponents of economic theories are among the first to write about corporate social involvement although considering it as a flaw in corporate thinking. Stewardship theory Social contract theory The social contract theory begins in the classic period of history and takes its modern form in the 16th and 18th centuries with best known philosophers like Hobbes, Locke and Rousseau. Legitimacy theory Deegan and Unerman (2006) assert that the legitimacy theory relies upon the notion that there is a social contract between an organisation and the society in which it operates. The social contract as explained by Deegan (2000), represents myriad of expectations that society has about how an organisation should conduct its operations. Stakeholder theory Freeman (1984) argues that managers should not just focus on stockholders need, but rather must satisfy a variety of stakeholders. As such, the stakeholder theory is used to analyse those groups to whom a firm should be responsible (Moir, 2001). 2.4 Corporate Financial Performance Price and Mueller (1986) assert that corporate financial performance (CFP) depicts the financial viability of an organisation. Therefore, corporations need to disseminate information about their financial performance as an account of managements stewardship as well as a means of assessing the entitys capacity to generate cashflows (Stein, 2000). Additionally, the financial performance is a subjective measure of the effectiveness with which an organisation makes use of its resources to attain its economic or financial goals. Basically, an organisations financial performance can be measured using three alternative approaches market-based measure, accounting-based measure and perceptual-based measure (Orlitzky, 2003). The market measure focuses on the firms stock price to evaluate its financial performance. McGuire et al (1998) argue that the market measure represents investors evaluation of the ability of a firm to generate future economic earnings. Alternatively, the accounting-based measure captures the firms competitive effectiveness and internal efficiency as well as optimal utilisation of assets. This measure represents financial performance using three divisions: (i) Return on Asset (ROA) and Return on Equity (ROE) (Waddock and Graves, 1997); (ii) profitability in absolute terms (Stanwick and Stanwick, 1998) and (iii) multiple accounting based measure with the overall index score of 0-10 (Moore, 2001). Finally, the perceptual measure uses subjective judgment about the firms financial performance wh ich is provided by survey respondents (Wartick, 1988). 2.4.1 Relationship between CSP and CFP The nature of the relationship between a firms socially responsible behaviour and its financial performance has extensively been debated till today and yet it remains unsolved (Margolis and Walsh, 2003). Preston and OBannon (1997) actually highlights two important issues in the relationship between CSP and CFP: Direction and Causality of the relationship. The direction of the relationship can be positive, neutral or even negative. The positive direction of the relationship can be explained using the instrumental stakeholder theory. This theory suggests that the satisfaction of various stakeholder groups is instrumental for the organisational financial performance (Donaldson and Preston, 1995). Conversely, the negative relationship is based on the neoclassical economic theory which argues that a socially responsible firms costs are considered unnecessary and thus can lead to a competitive disadvantage such that a decrease in firms profit and shareholder wealth (Preston and OBannon, 1997). Finally, the neutral relationship between the two constructs, as provided by Waddock and Graves (1997) exists by coincidence. McWilliam and Siegel (2001) further explain that a company acting responsibly to customers can have different demand curve as compared to a less responsible one. Therefore, the CSR activities are only a way to attain differentiation and thus, do not impact on companys profit. The causality of the relationship as pointed out by Preston and OBannon (1997) actually denotes whether CSP or CFP is an independent or dependent variable. Therefore, in such a case, if CSP is an independent variable, it comes first to affect CFP while if CSP is a dependent variable, CFP comes first to affect CSP. Such an argument is also raised by Griffin and Mahon (1997) who question whether a company is better off focusing on CSP or CFP first. In view of explaining the causality of the relationship, Waddock and Graves (1997) and Dean (1999) proposes two theories such as the slack resource theory and good management theory. The slack resource theory explains that a firm shall have good financial performance to contribute to the corporate social performance. It further posits that a company conducting social performance requires some funds that may result from the success of financial performance. Therefore, this theory argues that financial performance comes first and is an indepen dent variable to affect CSP. Conversely, the good management theory argues that social performance actually comes first. This theory provides that CSP is an independent variable resulting in CFP and companies having good reputation achieve good financial position through market mechanism. 2.5 Empirical review

Marketing Plan for Kathon MWX :: Business Marketing Case Study Essays, solution

Marketing Plan for Kathon MWX 1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Rohm & Haas is a diversified chemicals company. Its industrial chemicals division manufactures maintenance biocide products to the metal working industry. The company enjoys a healthy 30% market share with its Kathon 886 MW in the Central Systems segment. Rohm & Haas has recently launched Kathon MWX to target 150,000 customers in the Individual systems segment where the market for biocides is underdeveloped and has little competition. A large part of the customers use substitute products such as deodorants and bleaches with little effect on microorganisms. The company estimates the market size for the individual segment to be at $20 million and aims to achieve $0.2 Million revenues from this segment in the first year. Despite a superior product, the sales of Kathon MWX reached a meager 6 % of the annual plan in first five months. Rohm and Haas wishes to re-evaluate its strategy in order to tap this huge segment to significantly increase sales volume and market share of Kathon MWX. Rohm and Haas plans to enhance its allocation for distribution and marketing spend of the Kathon MWX. This would result in additional revenue of 0.1 million. This target would be achieved by a combination of a revamped distribution network for Kathon MWX, focused promotion campaign and sampling. 2. PROBLEM STATEMENT Can Rohm & Haas increase its market share and revenues in the maintenance biocide market with its current product line? The sales of Kathon MWX have barely touched 6% of the annual targeted sales for 1984. Is this the right product to target the Individual Systems segment? Can the current marketing strategy for this product help achieve the company?s objectives in the long run? 3. SITUATION ANALYSIS 3.1. Context The product sales of the company?s newly launched product Kathon MWX are well below the target set in the marketing plan for 1984. Despite its superior quality, the consumers have shown little inclination to adopt this product. 3.2. Company Rohm and Haas is a strong player in the maintenance biocide market for Central systems. The product Kathon 886 MW has a 30% share of the 18 million market. The company enjoys 70-80% market share in the non-ferrous metals segment and about 20% share in the ferrous metals market. The company has launched its new product Kathon MWX, a biocide targeted at Individual systems consumers.

Jews and Christians Essay

Islam is a monotheistic religion based upon the teachings of Muhammad, a 7th century Arab religious and political figure. It is the second-largest religion in the world today, with an estimated 1. 4 billion adherents, known as Muslims. Islam is considered one of the second largest religions in Europe today especially in France and the United Kingdom. In regions like the Middle East, North Africa, south and central Asia, Islam is the dominant religion. The core belief of Muslims is that God revealed himself to all mankind through his Prophet Muhammad, and he gave his holy book, the Qur’an which embodies the message, teachings and traditions of the Sunnah which is considered as the basic sources of Islam. The Prophet Muhammad is regarded by Muslims as the true and final prophet of God. Islam, like Judaism and Christianity is also an Abrahamic religion. Muslims belief that God revealed his final message to Muhammad through the angel Gabriel, and that message is the truth of salvation and shall hold true until the day a of resurrection, that the holy Qur’an is the infallible word of God and has the seal of the prophets. Muslims belief that the core message of Islam, which is the worship of one God, is the same message preached by the all messengers that God has sent before Muhammad. Muslims also belief that the coming of Muhammad was the cache in God’s revelation of himself to mankind, the end of all the messages of one God which has been preached since the time of Adam. Muslims see their religion as the original and the final message of God to mankind, and see Christianity and Judaism as a distortion of the original revelation of God to Abraham, Moses, Jesus, and Muhammad. There are several similarities that run through these three religions. Geographically, they all seem to have their origins in the Middle East. They all lay claim to the most prominent religious figures the world has ever known i. e. .Abraham, Isaac, Jacob, Moses, as their forebears. The Qur’an even acknowledges Jesus Christ as a major prophet who walked the face of this earth and had a distinct knowledge of God. Islam acknowledges the practitioners of Christianity and Judaism as the people of the letter, which is to say that they are people who have received divine scriptures. All these not withstanding, Muslims believe that the final and truthful revelation of God and the right way of worship came through the holy prophet Muhammad. Muslims believe that Islam is the right way of worship, of seeking God and of attaining salvation and therefore they must seek to win more peoples unto the Allah. Like the Jews, who saw a non Israelite as a gentile, any one other non-Muslim is an infidel. They also belief that Allah appreciates it very much when you die a violent death defending the faith of Islam and that automatically grants you grace favor and salvation before the lord, Infact, you go straight to heaven which is the ultimate reward of serving God here on earth just as Christians believe. In conclusion, Islam sees itself as superior to Christianity and Judaism because they believe it’s the total revelation of God of himself unto mankind.

Analysis “The Ormolu Clock” by Muriel Spark Essay

â€Å"The Ormolu Clock† is a short story written by Muriel Spark, who is considered to be one of the 50 greatest British writers since 1945. Dame Muriel is a poet, writer of fiction and literary criticism, and biographer – went on to win most of the literary awards going, was never out of print, and was at the top of her profession, internationally, for more than half a century. The story under discussion begins with the description of two hotels standing side by side and separated by a narrow path – the Hotel Stroh and the Guesthouse Lublonitsch. The first one is a disappointment for its visitors, what can’t be said about the second. The story goes on to tell that the author had a chance to get acquainted with the owner of the Guesthouse – Frau Lublonitsch, who was a very hardworking woman. Once he saw her bedroom he was moved by the sight. The room was richly established and there was a large ornamental clock known as ormolu. Under consideration belongs to the belles-lettres functional style, the main aim of which is to give the readers aesthetic pleasure and to make them think. It is an entrusted narrative and is told in the first person from the viewpoint of a visitor of Frau Lublonitsch’s house. The use of various types of narrative allows the author to create plausible characters. The dialogues are used in the personage†™s speech as well. In this short story women dominate men. The proof of it is that the indefinite article is used before the name of Herr Lublonitsch ( There was a Herr Lublonitsch, but he was of no account). Also the 1st paragraph ends with sentence â€Å"But she was undoubtedly the boss.† which marks Mrs. Lublonitsch’s superior position in the relationship of the couple. The story under consideration abounds in different stylistic devices. The most recurrent are metaphors which add up to the emphatic description of the protagonist’s emotions and thoughts (mouth turn down, smell its quality, strip of land, ome of sons emerged from) also epithets (humorous face, opulently dull, nervous stormy night). The detachment is used here as well (She scoured the huge pans herself; wielding her podgy arm round and round.) It specifies the manner of doing the action. In the text there are also various types of repetition: catch repetition (The maids called her Frau Chef. Frau Chef prepares special food†¦),morphemic repetition (drinking, greeting the guests, receiving as much attention†¦), lexical repetition (as she emereged from the kitchen wiping her hands on her brown apron, with her grey hair drawn back tight, her sleeves rolled up, her dingy dress†¦;She owns all the strip of land†¦ She’s got three farms.. She may even expand across the river†¦) This SD underlines Mrs. Lublonitsch’s domination, power and strength, it shows that everything belonged to her only. The Inversion used here gives emphasis to the situation.(Appended to the guesthouse was a butcher’s shop; In the garden grew one useless thing, within it was a bedroom†¦). The author resorts to the use of descriptions of Mrs. Lublonitsch and her room. He opposes her appearance of a peasant to the imperial magnificence of her bedroom. (she emereged from the kitchen wiping her hands on her brown apron, with her grey hair drawn back tight, her sleeves rolled up, her dingy dress†¦) And with the use of similie he compares her to a peasant ( She went and fetched a cloth and mopped up the mess herself, like any peasant†¦). For the description of her room the author uses various detachments that serve as descriptive details ( I saw a canopied bed, built high, splendidly covered with scarlet quilt). Also the colors make a clear contrast of Mrs. Lublonitsch’s personality: grey, black, brown describe her as a working woman, therefore gold, red, scarlet in the description of her room symbolize that she lives like a queen). The most recurrent words: possession, she, the boss, herself acquire the status of the key words. â€Å"The ormolu clock† is a symbol of the time that was ticking for Mr Stroh, reminding him who the boss is. Though it is no longer in his possession it still has an influence on him. ). In the course of the whole story the clock dominates Mr Stroh’s life and his acting. Finally, he â€Å"gave up his gazing; he went indoors, sullen and bent†. That means that he is defeated by the clock, its authority has dominated in the scene. The message is that Mrs. Lublonitsch’s appearance was contrasting with her real possessions, which she wanted to expand.

Internet and Young People Essay

The brains of young people growing up â€Å"hyperconnected† to the Internet might be wired differently from those of their elders, suggests a recent survey of technology experts, who were split on whether the newfangled wiring is desirable. Researchers from the Pew Research Center and Elon University recently conducted an opt-in, nonrandom, online survey of 1,021 technology stakeholders and critics. Participants were asked which of two predictions about teens and young adults seem more likely by 2020—a scenario in which they’re savvy and productive, or one in which they’re hampered by impatience and shallowness. HR professionals might, as a result, have to change the ways in which they manage these younger workers. Some 55 percent of survey participants agreed that the brains of multitasking young people will be wired differently from the brains of those older than 35, mostly for the better. They said young people won’t suffer notable cognitive shortcomings, and that â€Å"they are learning more and they are more adept at finding answers to deep questions,† in part because they’re good at going online and finding collective intelligence. Some 42 percent of survey participants expected brain-wiring changes with negative results, including a thirst for instant gratification. They expect young people will â€Å"not retain information; they spend most of their energy sharing short social messages, being entertained, and being distracted away from deep engagement with people and knowledge. They lack deep-thinking capabilities; they lack face-to-face social skills; [and] they depend in unhealthy ways on the Internet and mobile devices to function.† Even some who chose the positive prediction said it was more their hope than their best guess, â€Å"and a number of people said the true outcome will be a combination of both scenarios,† according to the Pew-Elon survey report, published Feb. 29, 2012. While they were not offered a third option, some participants disagreed with the notion that the wiring of young people’s brains will be different from previous generations’ wiring but thought Millennials’ thinking patterns probably will be. Game Change Teens and adults who grew up playing video games â€Å"will have lasting problems with focus and attention,† futurist author Marcel Bullinga commented in the survey. â€Å"They find distraction while working, distraction while driving [and] distraction while talking to the neighbors. Parents and teachers will have to invest major time and efforts into solving this issue,† he said, by helping young people learn to appreciate quiet contemplation without their mobile devices. â€Å"All in all, I think the negative side effects can be healed,† Bullinga added. Some of those surveyed noted that they themselves, as older adults, have become highly connected to technology, with positive and negative results. Respondents included educators who noted a diminishment of critical thinking skills and attention spans among students. David Ellis, communications studies director at Toronto’s York University, contends that multitasking hinders productivity, even for the very bright. Contrary to popular opinion, he doesn’t see Millennials as effective users of digital tools. â€Å"The idea that Millennials have a cognitive advantage over their elders is based on myths about multitasking, the skill sets of digital natives and 24/7 connectedness,† he commented in the survey. â€Å"Far from having an edge in learning, I see Millennials as increasingly trapped by the imperatives of online socializing and the opportunities offered by their smart phones to communicate from any place, any time.† HR experts already see refreshing and exasperating differences in Millennials in the workplace. â€Å"Millennials are an interesting group of employees† and â€Å"very different† from other generations, said Susan Heathfield, a Michigan-based management consultant and business owner who writes the human resources section for About.com. Attachment to technology â€Å"causes them to be on 24/7,† she told SHRM Online, adding that young workers wouldn’t imagine going on vacation without a phone and e-mail access. They’re likely to conduct most business on smart phones, she said. â€Å"It creates this mentality where work and what is not work is flowing together.† For example, she said, an employee might watch the NCAA basketball tournament on a computer at 11 a.m. and answer a colleague’s e-mail at 11 p.m. â€Å"Millennial employees are looking for change and challenge. Boring is bad. They want their tasks changing all the time,† Heathfield said. They want autonomy and reassurance. â€Å"It just blows my mind watching how this batch of employees was raised,† she said. â€Å"They want lots of praise, lots of feedback—every day. †¦ If you ignore their ideas, ‘What’s your problem? My ideas are great.’ † Their connectedness can lead to behavior that older colleagues consider rude, like texting during meetings. While Heathfield didn’t want to generalize, she noted that Millennials grew up working in teams and â€Å"they don’t think twice about whether the opinion they express hurts someone else’s feelings. †¦ A Millennial is more likely to say, ‘What a sucky idea,’ and they don’t mean it in an insulting way.† Everyone must adjust in order to become comfortable with generational differences, she said. â€Å"You appreciate these kids with their fresh ideas, their youthful thinking, their sort of ‘I can do anything’ approach to the workplace,† she said. â€Å"They’re like a breath of fresh air in many ways.†

Bloog 5 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Bloog 5 - Essay Example Moreover, my racial and cultural identity has made me different from many Americans (Nguyen 122). As a person, I have different values from many of the Americans who are my classmates. Although there has been a measure of violence and discrimination targeted towards Asian Americans, I have not experienced any extreme case of the racial discrimination. I have also had the opportunity to interact with other Asian Americans, a factor that has made me experience a home away from home. Many Asian Americans believe that hard work is essential if anyone wants to be successful. The above has proven to be a positive stereotype in my stay in the United States of America. Many people are likely to give me opportunities because they have the conviction that I will exhibit hard work and dedication. Like many other Asian Americans, I am doing my best to make my life better because the United States offer more opportunities (123). For example, I am benefiting from an international curriculum a factor that presents a brighter future for me. Despite the stereotypes associated with my race, I am grateful for the opportunity of being in the United States. Nguyen, DQ. "Unraveling The "Model Minority" Stereotype: Listening To Asian American Youth, 2Nd Edition." Cultural Diversity & Ethnic Minority Psychology 17.1 (n.d.): 122-123. Social Sciences Citation Index. Web. 26 June

League of Legend Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

League of Legend - Essay Example Gender discrepancy is one of the major elements in the game. The conception that a video gamer is mostly male is completely misguided. Nowadays, women make up about 45 percent of the gamers in the United States (Yu, 2013). Even in a game like League of Legend that is mostly dominated male, there is still about 35 percent female gamer (Conditt, 2014). Annie started playing the game about 2 years ago, now she ranked in top 10 percentile among all people in North America server. People are astounded when they learned that she is female since the feat she accomplished is rare among female. Difference display in physiological aspects of the game is very obvious among 4 players. As for Annie, she only picks female and cute cartoonish characters in the game. She claimed that the identities and appearances of those charterers are appealing to her, and she told me that she dressed up like the character in the game on Halloween. Therefore, it is clear that Annie has embraced and accepted the c ulture, as she chooses to dress as the female character in the game. From Annie’s response, it is evident that there exist gender stereotype. For example, she only chooses to pick female characters in the game although she has the choice of picking male who exhibit masculine characteristics. Annie’s views are clearly influenced by the outside world. Influence from the outside world comes from various sources like peers and media. For instance, media influence is responsible for cultivating attitudes, which explains Annie’s choice of feminine characters.

Software Design Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Software Design - Essay Example Architecture is all about the User Interface (UI) of a system (Bass, Len, Paul C., and Rick K., 2003, 2nd Ed.). Software design is a sequence of reaching a solution to software hitches. It takes into consideration issues to do with compatibility, modularity, packaging, extensibility, robustness, security, fault-tolerance and usability. In a System Development Life Cycle (SDLC), software architecture forms the fundamentals that determine the design of that software by specifying the organization techniques to be implemented during the next step of designing. A software design document is a well written and stable description (done by the software designer) of the software product outlining all sections of software and their intended functionalities. This document is deemed to provide a complete description of the intended end result of the software, while keeping to a quality view of the system. Therefore, a well-documented bad design will serve no purpose if it describes â€Å"space† none existing features. It will be better to have a good design that conforms to the system architecture and organizational expectations but without documentation rather than a well-documented but poorly done design. The quality of any piece of code in a design would be determined by using varied code quality measurement techniques such as focus on the fundamentals of Object Oriented Programming styles and the design patterns; writing of clean codes (codes that are to the standards and principles in relation to the problem); and identifying WTFs â€Å"Bad Smells† within the code (Robert C. Martins). The need to experiment with software design is to gather information/ data about the design and analyze it by considering how the intended experimental factors would fit wholly into a model expected to meet the precise objective set for the experiment and satisfy the

Do Smartphones Benefit Classroom Learning or Not Essay

Do Smartphones Benefit Classroom Learning or Not - Essay Example Many governments in the world today have acknowledged the importance of technology by either including it as a subject in its own right in the curriculum, or stressing its importance as a set of cross-curricular skills, usually ICT. Technology allows information to be presented more accurately and more attractively than by most traditional means, so that it engages the attention of the user. Despite having its benefits technology has its disadvantages and many people have pointed at them as reasons why smart phones are not good for class room learning (Academic Conferences Limited and Balcaen 159). The use of smart phones in classroom learning has its failures and benefits at the same time (Winebrenner and Brulles 214). However, the benefits certainly outweigh the failures. This paper supports the use of smart phones in class room learning by arguing on its benefits against its failures. The term smart phone is generally used to refer to more advanced cellular phone, whose capabiliti es outdo those of feature phones. Smartphones are primarily communication devices, but today, their functions have increased. Many schools today allow students to use their smart phones or other handled devices in the classroom. One thing people should not forget is that smart phones are not limited to classroom learning, but can also be used to do further research after class, making them very beneficial to learning. For example, smart phones have software’s such as cameras, which are extremely helpful for creating digital projects. Students today are always finding ways to get connected. For example, children of all ages now know how to use smartphones more than their parents. Research has shown that even at the age of three, some children learn how to use their parent’s smart phones. The Benefits of using Smart Phones for Classroom Learning There are many benefits that come with using smart phones in classroom learning. These include: a. Reducing boredom in classroo m learning People have argued that though smart phones reduce boredom in classes by making learning lively, students in this new age are highly motivated by technology and thus, tend to be very mischievous when the class is still in session. They tend to log-in social sites and instead of concentrating in class they, are busy exchanging non-educational materials leading to poor performance in academics Davies and Eynon point out that â€Å"opportunities to continue out-of-school uses of technology when in school have been limited or non-existent until quite recently for most young people† (1931). However, many are times that teachers look for ways to inspire or motivate learners in class. For example, one will find them opening doors and windows, also engaging the learners in singing so as to make them want to learn. Technology and in this case smartphones can play a key part in achieving this easily. It is very evident of how children of this new age are motivated easily by technology. A research done in 2006 suggested that â€Å"technology can have a positive impact on pupil’s levels of concentration, self-confidence, self-esteem, independence, and behavior† (Waugh and Jolliffe n.p.). b. Smart phones provide access to the curriculum for children with special educational needs Smart phones and especially those used by special needs learners, like any technology, are not cheap to purchase. In some schools, they are limited in meeting the needs of each and every student. This does not make learning any simple for such people, but rather, complicates their lives more and at the end, their goals are not achieved. Despite this, smart phones have